2006 General Election Report By Dr Anthony Ng

My Year 2011 General Election Report and Forum

2011-05-09T07:08:00.001-04:00

http://dranthonyngchiewkia.blogspot.com

This Forum and Feedback Close

2011-03-18T09:24:00.001-04:00

Due to the next Singapore General Election is coming soon. I had to close down and stop here for this 2006 GE feedback and forum.

Thank you

Chinese Communist Policy is Good For Singapore?

2011-03-18T08:36:00.006-04:00

Let us see what had been done in China.

1) The One Party System in China.

The politician elite was come from Top CEO and Top Executive to lead the worker. They were elected by worker to be politician. The country was manage by one party system. There was no check and balance in the government administration. Until worker leaders and top government leaders internal affairs issue recently many corrupted leader were sentenced.

2) The Red Guards Cultural Revolution

The country is promoting free thinker. Most of people had give up culture and religion in the revolution. The worst in Singapore, Singaporean promote English Language as Business Official Language. Many Singaporean had to put the foreign language as very important language to up grade them-self and fine tune their culture too.

3) The One or Two Child Policy

The one-child policy refers to the one-child limitation applying to a minority of families in the population control policy of the China. The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation of family planning policy. It officially restricts the number of children married urban couples can have to one, although it allows exemptions for several cases, including rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without any siblings themselves. A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction. The only one or two child become little prince and princess in family. The maid and parent had to serve them properly with care.

4) Government Link Company and Government Investment Company

A government-owned corporation, state-owned company, state enterprise, government business enterprise, or parastatal is a legal entity created by a government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of an owner government. Their legal status varies from being a part of government into stock companies with a state as a regular stockholder. There is no standard definition of a government-owned corporation (GOC) or state-owned enterprise (SOE), although the two terms can be used interchangeably. The defining characteristics are that they have a distinct legal form and they are established to operate in commercial affairs. While they may also have public policy objectives, GOCs should be differentiated from other forms of government agencies or state entities established to pursue purely non-financial objectives that have no need or goal of satisfying the shareholders with return on their investment through price increase or dividends. The government and elite are rich and the citizen are poor. In Singapore many people jobless.

Why Only Can Accept England But Not China?

2011-03-17T07:06:00.004-04:00

China and Great Britain language are foreigner language. Due to Great Britain Technologies and Language are world recognize, we accept English as our Official Business Language.

However, nobody dare to recognize Mandarin Language, Chinese Degree and Chinese Medicine. Furthermore if a Chinese Singaporean support Mandarin Language, Chinese Medicine, Chinese Association and Chinese Diploma or Degree. The Chinese Singaporean will be remark as disunity and disloyal to Singapore. Hence will link to Chinese Communist China subversive. Therefore, we only can accept Chinese Language as the only one subject for our Mother Tongue Language during Primary and Secondary School.

Today, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and China had meet the world class standard that equal to English. Why we must only accept English not the Mandarin or our national language, Malay?

How to Increase Purchasing Power

2011-02-13T09:57:00.003-05:00

Increasing the purchasing power of your household is a matter of getting more for every dollar you earn. This has more benefits than you might expect, particularly when viewed through the lens of tax analysis. Earning more money increases your tax expenses, but reducing spending has the identical effect of an increase of income without launching you into a higher tax bracket. Stretching your dollars is a multi-faceted process that involves intelligent budgeting, financial planning, a tax strategy and the use of smart money-saving techniques.

Use a cash-back credit card for as many purchases as possible while paying off the balance in full at the end of each month. This is the most straightforward method possible for increasing your purchasing power, as the credit card company covers a portion of your expenses for each dollar you spend on anything. Good credit behavior also improves your credit score, which reduces the costs of your other debts.

Repay debt as quickly as possible to maximize your purchasing power. The longer that you hold debts outstanding, the less power your paycheck will have. If you have debt, it's also very difficult to justify investing in other assets or saving substantial amounts of money. The rate of return is unlikely to compare favorably with debt repayment.

Buy products in bulk to save money. While the savings may seem insignificant in the short run, if you make it a habit, you'll retain more money in the long run.

Maximize your contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts and 401(k) accounts to reduce your tax burden. While this makes it difficult for you to access your money until you get older, if you make those contributions throughout your lifetime, you'll save substantially on taxes.

Spend money on high-quality goods infrequently rather than buying low-quality goods frequently to replace them. For example, cheap clothing tends to wear out quickly. It's often wiser to purchase more durable varieties. Sometimes spending extra on such goods in the short run is sensible.

Avoid spending money on consumer goods and services that aren't re-usable. For example, spending money at restaurants provides limited lasting benefit. High quality furniture can stay with you for a lifetime.

Increase Singapore Local Born Population, Migrated Singapore Resident, Workers, Visitors, Infrastructure and under ground land space

Increase jobs opportunity and salary for low income and middle class

Guangxi and Shan Autonomous regions (China, India, Myanmar, Lao, Thailand)

2010-10-21T21:54:00.000-04:00

The Zhuang are an ethnic group of people who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou and Hunan provinces.

They form one of the 55 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Their population, estimated at 18 million people, puts them second only to the Han Chinese and makes the Zhuang the largest minority in China.

The Zhuang are of Tai origin. The Rao (Zhuang,Tai) peoples developed a unique irrigation system which was useful for growing rice. Long struggles with China to avoid destruction (as they were thought barbarians by many Han people) led the Tais around 1100 AD to migrate south from Southern China to create the Lao, Thai and Shan peoples of Indochina, and even as far away as Assam, India.

The Shan are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan live primarily in the Shan State of Burma (Myanmar), but also inhabit parts of Mandalay Division, Kachin State, and Kayin State, and in adjacent regions of China and Thailand. Though no reliable census has been taken in Burma since 1935, the Shan are estimated to number approximately 6 million.

The capital of Shan State is Taunggyi, a small city of about 150,000 people. Other major cities include Thibaw (Hsipaw), Lashio, Kengtung and Tachileik.

The majority of Shan are Theravada Buddhists, and the Shan constitute one of the four main Buddhist ethnic groups in Burma; the others are the Bamar, the Mon and the Rakhine.

Most Shan speak the Shan language and are bilingual in Burmese. The Shan language, spoken by about 5 or 6 million, is closely related to Thai and Lao, and is part of the family of Tai languages. It is spoken in Shan State, some parts of Kachin State, some parts of Sagaing Division in Myanmar, parts of Yunnan, and in parts of northwestern Thailand, including Mae Hong Son Province and Chiang Mai Province. The two major dialects differ in number of tones:Hsenwi Shan has six tones, while Mongnai Shan has five. The Shan script is an adaptation of the Mon script via the Burmese script. However, few Shan are literate in their own language.

The Shan are traditionally wet-rice cultivators, shopkeepers, and artisans.

The Tai-Shan people are believed to have migrated from Yunnan in China. The Shan are descendants of the oldest branch of the Tai-Shan, known as Tai Long (Great Tai) or Thai Yai (Big Thai). The Tai-Shan who migrated to the south and now inhabit modern-day Laos and Thailand are known as Tai Noi (or Tai Nyai), while those in parts of northern Thailand and Laos are commonly known as Tai Noi (Little Tai - Lao spoken) The Shan have inhabited the Shan Plateau and other parts of modern-day Myanmar as far back as the 10th century AD. The Shan kingdom of Mong Mao (Muang Mao) existed as early as the 10th century AD but became a Burmese vassal state during the reign of King Anawrahta of Pagan (1044-1077).

After the Pagan kingdom fell to the Mongols in 1287, the Tai-Shan peoples quickly gained power throughout South East Asia, and founded.

Many Ava and Pegu kings of Burmese history between the 13th and 16th century were of (partial) Shan descent. The kings of Ava fought kings of Pegu for control of Irrawaddy valley. Various Shan states fought Ava for the control of Upper Burma. The states of Monyhin (Mong Yang) and Mogaung were the strongest of the Shan States. Monhyin-led Confederation of Shan States defeated Ava in 1527, and ruled all of Upper Burma until 1555.

The Burmese king Bayinnaung conquered all of the Shan states in 1557. Although the Shan states would become a tributary to Irrawaddy valley based Burmese kingdoms from then on, the Shan Saophas retained a large degree of autonomy. Throughout the Burmese feudal era, Shan states supplied much manpower in the service of Burmese kings. Without Shan manpower, it would have been difficult, if not impossible, for the Burmans alone to achieve their much vaunted victories in Lower Burma, Siam, and elsewhere. Shans were a major part of Burmese forces in the First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824-1826, and fought valiantly--a fact even the British commanders acknowledged.

After the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 1885, the British gained control of the Shan states. Under the British colonial administration, the Shan principalities were administered separately as British protectorates with limited monarchical powers invested in the Shan Saophas.

After World War II, the Shan and other ethnic minority leaders negotiated with the majority Bamar leadership at the Panglong Conference, and agreed to gain independence from Britain as part of Union of Myanmar. The Shan states were given the option to secede after 10 years of independence. The Shan states became Shan State in 1948 as part of the newly independent Burma.

General Ne Win's coup d'état overthrew the democratically elected government in 1962, and abolished Shan saopha system.

Buddhist and Taoist Religious Marriage

2010-10-20T07:40:00.005-04:00

The type, functions, and characteristics of marriage vary from culture to culture, and can change over time. In general there are two types:civil marriage and religious marriage, and typically marriages employ a combination of both (religious marriages must often be licensed and recognized by the state, and conversely civil marriages, while not sanctioned under religious law, are nevertheless respected).

Civil marriage is marriage performed by a government official and not a religious organisation.

Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found. Such a union, often formalized via a wedding ceremony, may also be called matrimony.

People marry for many reasons, including one or more of the following: legal, social, emotional, economical, spiritual, and religious. These might include arranged marriages, family obligations, the legal establishment of a nuclear family unit, the legal protection of children and public declaration of commitment.

Marriage practices are very diverse across cultures, yet almost every known society has had some form of marriage between a man and a woman. In some societies an individual is limited to being in one such couple at a time (monogamy), while other cultures allow a male to have more than one wife (polygyny) or, less commonly, a female to have more than one husband (polyandry). Some societies also allow marriage between two males or two females. Societies frequently have other restrictions on marriage based on the ages of the participants, pre-existing kinship, and membership in religious or other social groups.

The act of marriage usually creates normative or legal obligations between the individuals involved. In some societies these obligations also extend to certain family members of the married persons. Almost all cultures that recognize marriage also recognize adultery as a violation of the terms of marriage, and forbid incestuous marriages. In cultures that allow the dissolution of a marriage this is known as divorce.

Marriage is usually recognized by the state, a religious authority, or both. It is often viewed as a contract. Civil marriage is the legal concept of marriage as a governmental institution irrespective of religious affiliation, in accordance with marriage laws of the jurisdiction. If recognized by the state, by the religion(s) to which the parties belong or by society in general, the act of marriage changes the personal and social status of the individuals who enter into it.

The actual traditional Chinese, a Buddhist or Taoist religion marriage law perspective, the minimum requirements and responsibilities in a Chinese marriage are that the groom provide living expenses (housing, clothing, food, maintenance) to the bride, and in return, the bride's main responsibility is raising children to be proper Chinese. All other rights and responsibilities are to be decided between the husband and wife.

The Chinese, polygyny is allowed for men while Polyandry for women is not, without limitation whereby a senior wife will assist the husband to manage internal family affairs among the wives and children.

The Chinese marriage must take place in the presence of witnesses, with the consent of both the bride and the groom.

The Finance Minister

2010-10-09T05:58:00.005-04:00

The finance minister is a cabinet position in a government.

A minister of finance (also called financial affairs, the treasury, the economy, or economic affairs) has many different jobs in a government. He or she helps form the government budget, stimulate the economy, and control finances. The powers of a finance minister vary between governments. Sometimes the finance minister is the most powerful cabinet post. Whereby they are unpopular posts if they must raise taxes or cut spending. The finance minister is responsible to drafts the budget and responsible for economic matters. The Minister primarily responsible for managing the financial risks of the nation. The finance minister is also responsible for financial planning and record-keeping, as well as financial reporting and analysis of data to the parliament house.

National Bankruptcy

National bankruptcy (or national insolvency) is the formal declaration of a government to not pay (repudiation) or only partially pay its debts (due receivables), or the de facto cessation of due payments.

National bankruptcy has historically had three primary causes:

1) Insolvency/over-indebtedness of the state

If a state for economic reasons defaults on its treasury obligations/is not anymore able to handle its debt/liabilities or to pay the interest on this debt it faces national bankruptcy. To declare insolvency it is sufficient if this state is only able to pay part of its due interest or to clear off only part of the debt.

Reasons for this were mostly:

massive increases in public debt
declines in employment and therefore tax receipts
government regulation or perceived threats of regulation of financial markets

National bankruptcy caused by insolvency historically has always appeared at the end of long years or decades of budget emergency, in which the state has spent more money than it received. This budget balance/margin was covered through new indebtedness with national and foreign citizens, banks and states.

2) Change of government

While normally the change of government does not change the responsibility of the state to handle treasury obligations created by earlier governments, nevertheless it can be observed that in revolutionary situations and after a regime change the new government questions the legitimacy of the earlier one and thus defaults on this treasury obligations considered Odious debt.

Important examples are:

default of debts of the Bourbon France after the French Revolution.
default of bonds through Denmark in 1850, which were issued by the government of Holstein instated by the German Confederation.
default of debts of the Russian Empire after the Soviet government came to power in 1917.

3) Decline of the state

With the decline of the state its obligations are turned over to one or several successor states.

Lost wars significantly accelerate national bankruptcies. Nevertheless especially after the Second World War the Government debt has increased significantly in many countries even during long lasting times of peace. While in the beginning debt was quite small the increase due to the Compound interest effect increased it substantially.

Consequences

Creditors of the state as well the economy and the citizens of the state are affected by the national bankruptcy.

1) Consequences for creditors

The most visible effects of national bankruptcy are the complete or partial loss of lent money and/or interests upon.
In this case very often there are international negotiations which end in a partial debt cancellation (London Agreement on German External Debts 1953) or debt restructuring (e.g. Brady Bonds in the 1980s). This kind of agreement assures the partial repayment when a renunciation / surrender of a big part of the debt is accepted by the creditor. In the case of the Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002) the creditors had to accept the renunciation of up to 75% of the outstanding debts.
For the purpose of debts regulation debts can be distinguished by nationality of creditor (national or international), or by the currency of the debts (own currency or foreign currency) as well as whether the foreign creditors are private or state owned.

2) Consequences for state

With national bankruptcy the state disposes off its financial obligations/debts towards its creditors. This naturally leads to lower public spending/a reduction in spending from the public budget to the amount of interest and repayment/redemption.
On the other hand a national bankruptcy always damages the reputation and trust of a state towards the creditors. Hence a state is at least temporarily unable to get new credits from the capital market.

3) Consequences for the citizen

National bankruptcy always means for the private citizen a dramatic devaluation of his monetary wealth, because the private/individual saver is often an important creditor of the state (e.g. government bonds).
More severe is the impact on the national economy. These comprise typically
a banking crisis, as banks have to make write downs on credits given to the state.
an economic crisis, as the interior demand will fall and investors withdraw their money
a currency crisis as foreign investors avoid this national economy
The citizen feels the impact indirectly through high unemployment and the decrease of state services and benefits.

Minorities and special position of Malays, section 152, the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore

2010-10-07T09:20:00.004-04:00

Malays in Singapore, while being the people indigenous to Singapore, now make up just 14% of the country's population, as based on the broader definition of a "Malay race" rather than the more specific "Malay ethnic group". This is due to the influx of Chinese immigrants, who flocked to Singapore throughout the past 200 years. The result is that the Chinese are now the majority ethnic group in Singapore, making up around 75% of the country's population.

Malay Kings of Singapore (1299 -1396 AD)

Sri Tri Buana (Sang Nila Utama) (1299–1347)

Raja Kecil Besar (Paduka Seri Pikrama Wira) (1348–1362 (?) )

Raja Muda (Rakna Pikrama) (1363–1374 (?) )

Paduka Seri Maharaja (Damia Raja) (1375–1386 (?) )

Raja Iskandar Shah (Parameswara) (1388 or 1390 (?) –1397)

Malay Kings of Singapore (1699 -1835 AD)

Bendahara Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah IV (Sultan of Riau-Lingga-Pahang) (1699–1718)
Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah (Raja Kecil) (Sultan of Riau-Lingga-Pahang) (1718–1722)

Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Al-Alam Shah (Sultan of Johore-Riau-Lingga-Pahang) (1722–1760)

Sultan Mahmud Riayat Shah III (Sultan of Johore-Pahang) (1761–1812)

Sultan Abdul Rahman (Sultan of Lingga) (1812–1832) (Placed on the throne instead of his older brother Hussein, supported by Bugis.)

Sultan Hussein Shah (Sultan of Johor) (1819–1835) (Recognised by the British as the rightful Sultan of Johore.)

Singapore was not uninhabited when Sir Stamford Raffles came in January 1819.The waters of Telok Blangah, the Kallang River and other rivers had been home to the Orang Laut or Sea Nomads for a very long time. Here were also Malay settlements along the Kallang River Basin and the Singapore River. Turnbull reported that there was an estimated 1,000 people living in Singapore. There were about 500 Orang Kallang, 200 Orang Seletar, 150 Orang Gelam, 100 Orang Lauts, 20-30 Malays who were the followers of Temenggong Abdul Rahman and about 20-30 Chinese.

In the first census taken in 1824, it was revealed that the Malays (including the Bugis) then made up 60.9 per cent of the total population of 10,683.

According to Sopher (1977), the Orang Kallang, Orang Seletar, Orang Selat and Orang Gelam were the Orang Laut that lived in Singapore. The Orang Kallang (also called the Orang Biduanda Kallang) lived in the swampy areas in the Kallang River. They lived on boats and sustained their lives by fishing and collecting other materials from the forests.

After 1819, they were relocated by Temenggong Abdul Rahman to the northern Singapore Straits at Sungai Pulau. Tragically in 1848, the Orang Kallang were wiped out by a smallpox epidemic.

The Orang Seletar lived in the river swamps and the small islands surrounding mainland Singapore. They would often gather on the coastal areas, especially on the estuary of the Seletar River. They lived a nomadic lifestyle until the 1850s, when they started living on land and followed the lifestyles of others living in Singapore.

The Orang Selat lived in the harbour waters of Keppel Singapore. They were believed to have traversed the waters of Keppel Harbour since the early 16th century, making them one of the earliest settlers of the island. They sold fish and fruits to the trading vessels that passed the area.

The Orang Gelam came from a tribe in Batam Island. They were brought by the Temenggong of Johor together with a group of his followers to establish a settlement in the first decade of the 19th century. Many of the Orang Gelam who lived along the Singapore River served as boatmen for merchant ships while their womenfolk were fruit sellers on boats.

The Orang Laut differed from the Malays in that they lived a nomadic lifestyle and lived at sea in their boats whereas the Malays lived in settlements in the villages on the land.

When Raffles came to Singapore, there were already hundreds of indigenous Malays living there. They were made up of the nobility that were headed by the Temenggong, the palace officials and his followers as well as the Orang Laut. Subsequently, the numbers increased with the arrivals of other Malays from Malaya and the Malay Archipelago.

In a matter of several months, hundreds of Malays from Malacca came to Singapore, encouraged by the British who wanted to develop Singapore as a centre for trade and administration (Siebel, 1961:27). When Singapore became more developed and there were better economic opportunities, many Malays from Riau, Sumatra, Penang, Malacca and Johore came to Singapore (Roff, 1967:33; Census 1931:72). Many of these Malays lived in the towns and worked there (Siebel, 1961:35). The census for 1931 showed that the total number of Malay men working here were as many as 11,290. Out of this number, 18% worked as fisherman and as many as 12% lived by farming the land.

In the 1930s and 1950s, many Malay residents from Malaya were working in the British uniformed services. In 1957 alone, there were more than 10,000 Malays working in the uniform services because the British preferred them to the Javanese or Malays from Indonesia (Betts, 1975:41; Djamour, 1959:5). However, during the period 1957-1970, most of them returned to Malaysia when their terms of services ended.

The second largest group were the Javanese. They came from Java in the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia). In the 1931 Population Census, the number of Javanese in Singapore was 16,063. The 1981 Population Census, however, showed that they made up 6% of the Malay population. However, many Javanese had actually registered themselves as 'Malay'. It is likely that the actual percentage of the Javanese within the Malay population was much higher. The Javanese came to Singapore in stages. In the mid-19th century, they came and worked as ironsmiths, leather makers as well as spice merchants and religious books dealers. There were also a group of Javanese printers and publishers in the Arab Street area. There were also community of pilgrim brokers that played an important role in encouraging the migration of the Javanese to Singapore.

The political situation in the Dutch East Indies created by the Dutch government caused many Javanese go through Singapore to travel toMecca to perform the hajj. From the mid-19th century until 1910, between 2,000 to 7,000 Javanese travelled to Mecca through Singapore until the regulations were eased (Roff 1967:39). Usually, these pilgrims would work in Singapore for several months or years before or after performing the hajj to earn money or pay their debts to their pilgrim brokers. Many of them stayed on in Singapore and became part of the Muslim community in the city (Roff, 1967:43).

A number of Javanese also came to Singapore with the help of the pilgrim brokers. They came voluntarily and a majority of them were young men who stayed in the lodgings of the pilgrim brokers until they found work. They worked as food sellers, gardeners and provided labour for the pilgrim brokers to build lodging homes for them. The pilgrim brokers also took in bonded labourers who worked for Malay or Javanese employers to clear forests to set up settlements in Johore, Malaya (Roff, 1967:37). The activities with these bonded labourers continued until the 1920s. From 1886 till 1890, as many as 21,000 Javanese became bonded labourers with the Singapore Chinese Protectorate, an organisation formed by the British in 1877 to monitor the Chinese population. They performed manual labour in the rubber plantations. After their bond ended, they continued to open up the land and stayed on in Johore.

After the Second World War, the total number of Javanese coming to Singapore continued to increase. The first wave consisted of conscript labour that were brought by the Japanese and their numbers were estimated to be about 10,000 (Turnbull, 1976:216). The second wave were those who moved to Singapore through Malaya. The 1970 Population Census showed that a total of 21,324 Malays who were born in Malaya (later Malaysia) had moved to Singapore in the years 1946-1955; and as many as 29,679 moved to Singapore from 1956-1970 (Census 1970:262-3). Interviews conducted showed that a majority of them were young men of Javanese descent from Johore who wanted to find a better life in Singapore. Most of them were not educated and not highly skilled and worked as manual labourers in the post war years.

The Baweanese or Boyanese came from the Bawean Island in the Dutch East Indies. They built the Kampung Boyan (Boyanese Village) by the banks of the Rochor River, between Jalan Besar and Syed Alwi Road since the time of Munshi Abdullah. Most of them came to Singapore in the late 19th century until the end of Second World War. The majority of them worked as horse cart drivers and later as motorcar drivers. They could not be considered poor as their lands in Bawean were fertile; they had come in search of cash earnings. They wanted to purchase jewellery made of gold and goods that they could bring back to their villages. Some also wanted to build a better life for themselves in Singapore.

Most of them were young men who came and supported themselves, living in communal houses. There were several such houses built in Singapore. They were found in places like Adam Communal House in Ann Siang Hill, Teluk Dalam Communal House in Dixon Road and Dedawang Communal House in Sophie Road. There was also a village within the town area that was inhabited by the Baweanese calledKampung Kapur (literally ‘Lime Village’) in the western part of Kampung Boyan (Boyan Village). A mosque called the Masjid Bawean Kampung Kapur (Bawean Mosque of Lime Village) located at Weld Road was built in 1932. There was also a communal house that became the gathering point for writers and their friends from the literary group called Jejak Kembara (literally ‘Wandering Steps’) in the late 1970s.

Due to the fact that they shared the same religion and were closely related racially, both the Baweanese and the Javanese were able to mix freely and even intermarried with the Malays. In time, this caused the differences between them to be less obvious and more Baweanese and Javanese began identifying themselves as Malays.

The Bugis came from the Celebes Islands in Indonesia. They were well known for a long time as maritime traders. In the mid-seventeenth century, the Bugis were spreading out from Celebes to set up trading centres throughout the region. Often they had to sail to distant lands and fight indigenous tribes. They rarely lost and acquired a reputation as fierce warriors.

The Dutch control of the Dutch East Indies and their blockades cut off the Bugis from their traditional spice trade routes from Celebes to Java. This forced them to migrate to other areas to continue trading. Their migration to what is today Malaysia, Singapore and Riau began around the 18th century or even earlier. At the beginning of the 19th century, the number of Bugis traders in the region increased. Their influence in Riau was strong. Among the Bugis traders were also members of the nobility like Engku Karaeng Talibak who married the daughter of Raja Ali Haji. According to Raja Ali Haji in his work, Tuhfat al-Nafis, the presence of Karaeng Talibak brought more Bugis traders to Riau.

The establishment of a free port in Singapore allowed the Bugis to expand their network in the archipelago. Sailing from Sumatra to north Australia, the Bugis ships brought cargoes of cotton cloth, gold dust, birds-of-paradise feathers, pepper, trepang (sea slugs), sandalwood, tortoiseshell, coffee, and rice to Singapore. Most of these goods were very much in demand by the Chinese merchants in Singapore. The Bugis also traded in slaves.

James Cameron gave a description in 1865 of the various ships that would visit Singapore's harbour. According to him, each year during October and November, the Bugis ships would come from Bali and the Celebes.

By the 1830s, the Bugis had established themselves in Singapore and formed the majority of the pioneer communities in the Kampung Gelam area. By 1881, the Census of Population reported 2,053 Bugis in Singapore. The Bugis gradually formed kampongs and settlements in places like Kampung Bugis (around the Kallang River), Kampung Soopoo, Jalan Pelatok and Jalan Pergam.

The Minangkabau people came from Western Sumatra. The Minangkabaus are known for their matrilineal social system and their tradition for travelling. The Minangkabaus would leave their homes and travel in search of work, knowledge and experience. They would usually return home once they had fulfilled their objective. This tradition of travelling was a rite of passage for the young Minangkabau men and was considered a way for them to be in touch with the outside world.

The Minangkabaus have been migrating to Malaysia and Singapore since long ago. This only stopped when Malaya achieved independence from the British in 1957, when the immigration laws were tightened. The majority of Minangkabaus who came to Singapore came from Pariaman and Agam in Western Sumatra. The majority of them were engaged in business, especially in selling nasi padang (a rice dish made of meat, vegetables and tempeh). The Minangkabaus also sold religious items, toys and clothes. They had shops in Arab Street and Geylang. They also worked as taxi drivers and gardeners and joined uniformed services. Many Minangkabaus also worked as sailors on ships owned by trading companies. The Minangkabaus even formed an association at one time but this was subsequently banned during the 1962-66 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.

After Singapore became an independent state in 1965, the majority of Minangkabaus either migrated to Malaysia or returned back to Sumatra. Those who stayed in Singapore assimilated into the Malay community. Not many Minangkabaus brought their wives or women with them to Singapore. As such, many married the local Malay women and did not maintain strong ties with the other Minangkabau communities. By 1973, it was estimated that there were 200 Minangkabaus family in Singapore and almost all of them were Singapore citizens.

The Banjar people originated from the southern and eastern coast of Kalimantan in Borneo. Most came from Banjarmasin in the area surrounding the Barito basin. These areas were used for the cultivation of paddy. The Banjarese who migrated to the Malay Peninsula were farmers who were experienced in paddy cultivation. They also migrated to spread Islam to the region, to escape poverty and the oppressive Dutch rule of their homeland. Some also wanted to escape the presence of wild animals that threatened their farms in Kalimantan.

The Banjarese generally did not like to be employees. They preferred to be self-employed, working as either farmers or businessmen. The Banjar were also well known as jewel cutters and dealers in the region. Many came to Singapore to deal in the jewellery trade and had their shops in Arab Street. They even formed a Kalimantan Association in Singapore.

The Banjarese made up a very small percentage of the Malay population in Singapore. In 1931, they numbered 445 out of a total Malay population of 65,104 (0.7%). In 1947, they formed only 0.3 % of the population. This dropped to 0.2% in 1957 and 0.1% in 1970. By 1980 and 1990, the total numbers could not be determined, probably because the Banjarese have effectively assimilated into the Malay community.

The Batak people are the smallest Malay group in Singapore. Up till 1978, there were less than 350 Bataks in Singapore. Unlike other Malay groups that are predominantly Muslim, there are many Christians in the Batak community (Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans, Jehovah's Witnesses).

The Batak had been coming to Singapore before the 20th century. Not much is known about the Bataks that came to Singapore in the 19th century and before World War 2. Most were young men in their twenties who were from the Toba, Mandailing and Angkola.

The Bataks came to Singapore for economic, educational and social reasons. Most of those who came to Singapore before the War had received their primary education in the Batak and Malay language. Some came to Singapore to continue their education in the private and Christian schools. For example, the Seventh-day Adventist organisation had students' amenities in Singapore in 1915 and they encouraged the Bataks from Spirok, Angkola and Permatang Siantar in Sumatra to send their children to continue their studies in Singapore. An English education was prized as it was seen as a passport to getting a white-collar job in the plantations in Eastern Sumatra that were owned by the Dutch and the Americans. After receiving their education in Singapore, the Bataks would return to their homeland. Some would marry and bring their wives to Singapore. The Batak Christians were the first Bataks to bring their wives to Singapore.

Most of the Bataks who came before World War 2 worked as gardeners, peons and manual labourers. During the Japanese Occupation, the Bataks were conscripted as foot soldiers or forced labourers by the Japanese. Some were sent to Singapore for military training. After the War, many of the Bataks returned home. At the same time, many others came to Singapore from places like Medan, Palembang and the Riau Islands. Some managed to find work as clerks, storekeepers and some started businesses with non-Bataks partners. Some also joined the British army as soldiers, technicians and electricians. Others started identifying themselves as Malays so that they could join the military or get jobs given to local Malays.

In 1947, the Bataks in Singapore formed a welfare organisation called Saroha ("one heart" in the Batak language). The aim of the organisation was to help the Bataks in Singapore. The organisation lasted until 1954 and was disbanded due to leadership problems and a lack of support from its members. Attempts to revive it later in 1958 proved futile.

There were Bataks who took Malay wives and converted to Islam. The majority of them and their descendants were assimilated into the Malay community and preferred to be known as Malays. A well-known Batak Muslim in Singapore is the radio personality, Aminah Siregar.

The majority of Malays in Singapore are Sunni Muslims belonging to the Shāfi‘ī (شافعي) sect.

A small Christian community also exists among the Malays. However, the government has strongly discouraged the publication of the Christian bible in Malay, and strongly discourages missionaries from attempts to convert the local Malay populace. This was done so as not to cause racial and religious tensions in the predominantly Muslim community.^{[citation needed]}

There is also a small Buddhist community, mostly consisting of Malays with mixed Chinese ancestry.^{[citation needed]}

The majority of Malays in Singapore generally share a similar culture with those in Peninsula Malaysia.

Linguistically, most Malays in Singapore speak the Johore-Riau variant of Malay similar to that spoken in the west Malaysian peninsular rather than that of Indonesia. Some of the older generation who migrated here or whose parents were immigrants can speak Javanese. However, most of the Malays here do not speak the language of their ancestors from Indonesia.

English is also widely spoken. Arabic is more common among the Muslim religious teachers, and is the preferred language learnt by the more religious Malay Muslims.

Although many Malays in Singapore are generally of mixed descent, they are still recognised as the indigenous people of Singapore by the Singapore Constitution, Part XIII, General Provisions, Minorities and special position of Malays, section 152:

The Government shall exercise its functions in such manner as to recognise the special position of the Malays, who are the indigenous people of Singapore, and accordingly it shall be the responsibility of the Government to protect, safeguard, support, foster and promote their political, educational, religious, economic, social and cultural interests and the Malay language.

A political party mean they are no longer a civil society

2010-10-05T23:06:00.004-04:00

The Civil Society

Civil society is composed of the totality of voluntary civic and social organizations and institutions that form the basis of a functioning society, as distinct from the force-backed structures of a state(regardless of that state's political system) and commercial institutions of the market. The theory of the legal state (Rechtsstaat, state under the rule of law) considers the equality of state and civil society as its most important characteristic. For instance, the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania describes the Lithuanian nation as "striving for an open, just, and harmonious civil society and State under the rule of law".

The Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without censorship or limitation, or both. The synonymous term freedom of expression is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, such as on "hate speech".

The Ruling Party

The ruling party or governing party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. Within a parliamentary system, the majority in the legislature also controls the executive branch of government, thus leaving no possibility of dueling parties concurrently occupying the executive and legislative branches of government, such as in an American style presidential system where the party of the president does not necessarily also have a legislative majority.

The Public relations (PR)

Public relations (PR) is a field concerned with maintaining public image for businesses, non-profit organizations or high-profile people, such as celebrities and politicians.

An earlier definition of public relations, by The first World Assembly of Public Relations Associations held in Mexico City in August 1978, was "the art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their consequences, counseling organizational leaders, and implementing planned programs of action, which will serve both the organization and the public interest."

Others define it as the practice of managing communication between an organization and its publics. Public relations provides an organization or individual exposure to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that provide a third-party endorsement and do not direct payment. Once common activities include speaking at conferences, working with the media, crisis communications andsocial media engagement, and employee communication.

The European view of public relations notes that besides a relational form of interactivity there is also a reflective paradigm that is concerned with publics and the public sphere; not only with relational, which can in principle be private, but also with public consequences of organizational behaviour. A much broader view of neo-ubiquitous interactive communication using the Internet, as outlined by Phillips and Young in Online Public Relations Second Edition (2009), describes the form and nature of Internet-mediated public relations. It encompasses social media and other channels for communication and many platforms for communication such as personal computers(PCs), mobile phones and video game consoles with Internet access.

Public relations is used to build rapport with employees, customers, investors, voters, or the general public. Almost any organization that has a stake in how it is portrayed in the public arena employs some level of public relations. There are a number of public relations disciplines falling under the banner of corporate communications, such as analyst relations, media relations, investor relations, internal communicationsand labor relations.

Conclusion

A political party mean they are no longer a civil society. A Political Party shall field it concerned with maintaining public image for Political Businesses. The responsibilities of freedom are not to toe the party line and to stand blindly behind the flag. We have a systems of checks and balances officially by quality management.

Democracy Political Instability Vs Political Quality Management

2010-10-05T22:20:00.004-04:00

Economists since Milton Friedman have strongly criticized the efficiency of democracy. They base this on their premise of the irrational voter. Their argument is that voters are highly uninformed about many political issues, especially relating to economics, and have a strong bias about the few issues on which they are fairly knowledgeable.

Mob rule

Plato's The Republic presents a critical view of democracy through the narration of Socrates: "Democracy, which is a charming form of government, full of variety and disorder, and dispensing a sort of equality to equals and unequaled alike." In his work, Plato lists 5 forms of government from best to worst. Assuming that the Republic was intended to be a serious critique of the political thought in Athens, Plato argues that only Kallipolis, an aristocracy led by the unwilling philosopher-kings (the wisest men) is a just form of government.

Moral decay

Traditional Asian cultures, in particular that of Confucian and Islamic thought, believe that democracy results in the people's distrust and disrespect of governments or religious sanctity. The distrust and disrespect pervades to all parts of society whenever and wherever there is seniority and juniority, for example between a parent and a child, a teacher and a student.^{[citation needed]}

Political instability

More recently, democracy is criticised for not offering enough political stability. As governments are frequently elected on and off there tends to be frequent changes in the policies of democratic countries both domestically and internationally. Even if a political party maintains power, vociferous, headline grabbing protests and harsh criticism from the mass media are often enough to force sudden, unexpected political change. Frequent policy changes with regard to business and immigration are likely to deter investment and so hinder economic growth. For this reason, many people have put forward the idea that democracy is undesirable for a developing country in which economic growth and the reduction of poverty are top priority.

Political Quality Management

Quality management can be considered to have three main components: quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. Quality management is focused not only on political service quality, but also the means to achieve it. Quality management therefore uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as services to achieve more consistent quality.

Quality management adopts a number of management principles that can be used by upper management to guide their organisations towards improved performance.

The principles cover:

Voter focus
Leadership
Involvement of people
Process approach
System approach to management
Continual improvement
Factual approach to decision making
Mutually beneficial government department relationships

Conclusion.

If Singapore Opposition Alliance Party take over from Singapore Ruling party, we are prepare to facing Political Instabilities. An Alliance Political Quality Management Committee to be form for assist Prime Minister Office Department in overcome any political instabilities and cabinet leadership management.

Singapore Business Alliance Spirit

2010-10-03T23:44:00.002-04:00

A business alliance is an agreement between businesses, usually motivated by cost reduction and improved service for the customer. Alliances are often bounded by a single agreement with equitable risk and opportunity share for all parties involved and are typically managed by an integrated project team.

There are five basic categories or types of alliances:

Sales alliance
Solution-specific alliance
Geographic-specific alliance
Investment alliance
Joint venture alliance

In many cases, alliances between companies can involve two or more categories or types of alliances. A sales alliance occurs when two companies agree to go to market together to sell complementary products and services. A solution-specific alliance occurs when two companies agree to jointly develop and sell a specific marketplace solution. A geographic-specific alliance is developed when two companies agree to jointly market or co-brand their products and services in a specific geographic region. An investment alliance occurs when two companies agree to joint their funds for mutual investment. A joint venture is an alliance that occurs when two or more companies agree to undertake economic activity together.

A corporate group (or a "group of companies") is a collection of parent and subsidiary corporations that function as a single economic entity through a common source of control. The concept of a group is frequently used in tax law, accounting and (less frequently) company law to attribute the rights and duties of one member of the group to another or the whole. In Germany, where a sophisticated law of the "concern" has been developed, the law of corporate groups is a fundamental aspect of its corporate law. Many other European jurisdictions also have a similar approach, while Commonwealth countries and the United States adhere to a formalistic doctrine that refuses to "pierce the corporate veil": corporations are treated outside tax and accounting as wholly separate legal entities.

A Strategic Alliance is a formal relationship between two or more parties to pursue a set of agreed upon goals or to meet a critical business need while remaining independent organizations.

Partners may provide the strategic alliance with resources such as products, distribution channels, manufacturing capability, project funding, capital equipment, knowledge, expertise, or intellectual property. The alliance is a cooperation or collaboration which aims for a synergy where each partner hopes that the benefits from the alliance will be greater than those from individual efforts. The alliance often involvestechnology transfer (access to knowledge and expertise), economic specialization, shared expenses and shared risk.

Various terms have been used to describe forms of strategic partnering. These include ‘international coalitions’ (Porter and Fuller, 1986), ‘strategic networks’ (Jarillo, 1988) and, most commonly, ‘strategic alliances’. Definitions are equally varied. An alliance may be seen as the ‘joining of forces and resources, for a specified or indefinite period, to achieve a common objective’.

There are seven general areas in which profit can be made from building alliances.

According to Yoshino and Rangan the Internationalisation Strategies can be categorized using the model displayed at the right side.

A typical strategic alliance formation process involves these steps:

Strategy Development: Strategy development involves studying the alliance’s feasibility, objectives and rationale, focusing on the major issues and challenges and development of resource strategies for production, technology, and people. It requires aligning alliance objectives with the overall corporate strategy.
Partner Assessment: Partner assessment involves analyzing a potential partner’s strengths and weaknesses, creating strategies for accommodating all partners’ management styles, preparing appropriate partner selection criteria, understanding a partner’s motives for joining the alliance and addressing resource capability gaps that may exist for a partner.
Contract Negotiation: Contract negotiations involves determining whether all parties have realistic objectives, forming high calibre negotiating teams, defining each partner’s contributions and rewards as well as protect any proprietary information, addressing termination clauses, penalties for poor performance, and highlighting the degree to which arbitration procedures are clearly stated and understood.
Alliance Operation: Alliance operations involves addressing senior management’s commitment, finding the calibre of resources devoted to the alliance, linking of budgets and resources with strategic priorities, measuring and rewarding alliance performance, and assessing the performance and results of the alliance.
Alliance Termination: Alliance termination involves winding down the alliance, for instance when its objectives have been met or cannot be met, or when a partner adjusts priorities or re-allocates resources elsewhere.

The advantages of strategic alliance includes:

Allowing each partner to concentrate on activities that best match their capabilities.
Learning from partners & developing competences that may be more widely exploited elsewhere
Adequency a suitability of the resources & competencies of an organization for it to survive.

There are four types of strategic alliances: joint venture, equity strategic alliance, non-equity strategic alliance, and global strategic alliances.

Joint venture is a strategic alliance in which two or more firms create a legally independent company to share some of their resources and capabilities to develop a competitive advantage.
Equity strategic alliance is an alliance in which two or more firms own different percentages of the company they have formed by combining some of their resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage.
Nonequity strategic alliance is an alliance in which two or more firms develop a contractual-relationship to share some of their unique resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage.
Global Strategic Alliances working partnerships between companies (often more than 2) across national boundaries and increasingly across industries. Sometimes formed between company and a foreign government, or among companies and governments

A competition regulator is a government agency, typically a statutory authority, sometimes called aneconomic regulator, which regulates and enforces competition laws, and may sometimes also enforceconsumer protection laws. In addition to such agencies there is often another body responsible for formulating competition policy.

Many nations implement competition laws, and there is general agreement on acceptable standards of behavior. The degree to which countries enforce their competition policy does vary substantially, with the United States generally regarded as having the most strict competition laws and enforcement.^{[citation needed]}

Competition regulators may also regulate certain aspects of mergers and acquisitions and business alliances and regulate or prohibit cartels and monopolies. Other government agencies may have responsibilities in relation to aspects of competition law which affect companies (e.g. the registrar of companies).

Regulators may form supranational or international alliances like the ECA (European Competition Authorities), the ICN (International Competition Network), and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development).

Corruption could impact Nation's stability. Promote Healthy Lifestyle

2010-10-03T20:27:00.003-04:00

Self care is personal health maintenance. It is any activity of an individual, family or community, with the intention of improving or restoring health, or treating or preventing disease.

Self care includes all health decisions people (as individuals or consumers) make for themselves and their families to get and stay physicallyand mentally fit. Self care is exercising to maintain physical fitness and good mental health. It is also eating well, self-medicating, practicinggood hygiene and avoiding health hazards such as smoking and Radon to prevent ill health. Self care is also taking care of minor ailments, long term conditions, or one’s own health after discharge from secondary and tertiary health care.

Individuals do self care, and experts and professionals support self care to enable individuals to do enhanced self care.

Self care support has crucial enabling value and considerable scope in developing countries with an already overburdened health care system. But it also has an essential role to play in affluent countries where people are becoming more conscious about their health and want to have a greater role in taking care of themselves.

To enable people to do enhanced self care, they can be supported in various ways and by different service providers.

Self care support can include:

Self care information on health and human body systems, lifestyle, physical activity, or healthy eating
Support for the capture, management, interpretation, and reporting of observations of daily living (ODLs), the tracking of trends, and the use of the resulting information as clues for self care action and decision making.
Information prescriptions providing personalised information and instructions to enable an individual to self care and take control of their health
Self care and self monitoring devices and assistive technology
Self care skills and life skills training programmes and courses for people
Advice from pharmacists, physiotherapists and complementary therapists
Self care support networks which can be face to face or virtual, and made up of peers or people who want to provide support to others or receive support and information from others.Including a self care Primer for provider/consumer convergence

Refrained:-

1) From Alcohol until the end of his life. (Drinking that link to corruption)

2) From Killing until the end of his life. (Eating that link to corruption)

3) From Sexual Misconduct until the end of his life. (Prostitution that link to corruption)

4) From Gambling until the end of his life. (Gambling that link to corruption)

5) From Unhealthy Leisure until the end of his life. (Unhealthy Hobby that link to corruption)

Conclusion is to promote healthy lifestyle for our community.

A presidential system

2010-09-27T23:29:00.003-04:00

A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not responsible and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.

The concept of separate spheres of influence of the executive and legislature is specified in the Constitution, with the creation of the office of President elected separately from Congress.

Although not exclusive to republics, and applied in the case of semi-constitutional monarchies where a monarch exercises power (both as head of state and chief of the executive branch of government) alongside a legislature, the term is often associated with republican systems.

The Upper House

2010-09-27T23:28:00.000-04:00

The upper house is frequently given other powers to compensate for its restrictions:

Executive appointments, to the cabinet and other offices, usually require its approval.
It frequently has the sole authority to give consent to or denounce foreign treaties.

A lower house: National Assembly

2010-09-27T23:25:00.001-04:00

The lower houses frequently display certain characteristics:

Given greater power, usually based on restrictions against the upper house.
Directly elected (apportionment is usually based on population).
Given more members.
Elected more frequently, and all at once.
Given total or original control over budget and monetary laws.
Able to override the upper house in some ways.
In a presidential system, given the sole power to impeach the executive (the upper house then has to try the impeachment).

孫中山先生 Dr Sun Yat Sen Spirit is reform China Politic

2010-09-27T21:12:00.003-04:00

We can see the People's Republic of China had success on Military Power, Economy Power, Sport and Arts Champion but the political power and foreign affair was not welcome by international community. Base on Dr Sun Yat Sen Spirit, we must reform the PRC politic to suit the current foreign affars. We can review the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the National Assembly of the Republic of China and the Constitution of the United States of America. Whereby the President of the People's Republic of China has same authority as the power of the President of the United States of America. The People's Republic of China shall has General Election for lower parliament house.

The Constitution of the People's Republic of China ( 中華人民共和國憲法 ) is the highest law within the People's Republic of China. The Constitution has five sections which are the preamble, general principles, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, structure of the state (which includes such state organs as the National People's Congress, the State Council, the Local People's Congress and Local People's Governments and the People's Courts and the People's Procuratorates).

The National Assembly of the Republic of China ( 國民大會 ) refers to several parliamentary bodies that existed in the history of the Republic of China. The National Assembly was originally founded in 1913 as the first legislature in Chinese history. The last continuous National Assembly was established under the framework of the 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China as a constitutional convention and electoral college and called into place in 1948.

The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution is the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the relationship of the federal government with the states, citizens, and all people within the United States. The Constitution creates the three branches of the national government: a legislature, the bicameral Congress; an executive branch led by the President; and a judicial branch headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution specifies the powers and duties of each branch. The Constitution reserves all unenumerated powers to the respective states and the people, thereby establishing the federal system of government.

Keynesian economics: Wages and spending

2010-09-26T20:14:00.002-04:00

During the Great Depression, the classical theory defined economic collapse as simply a lost incentive to produce, and the mass unemployment as a result of high and rigid real wages.

To Keynes, the determination of wages is more complicated. First, he argued that it is not real but nominal wages that are set in negotiations between employers and workers, as opposed to a barter relationship. Second, nominal wage cuts would be difficult to put into effect because of laws and wage contracts. Even classical economists admitted that these exist; unlike Keynes, they advocated abolishing minimum wages, unions, and long-term contracts, increasing labor-market flexibility. However, to Keynes, people will resist nominal wage reductions, even without unions, until they see other wages falling and a general fall of prices.

He also argued that to boost employment, real wages had to go down: nominal wages would have to fall more than prices. However, doing so would reduce consumer demand, so that the aggregate demand for goods would drop. This would in turn reduce business sales revenues and expected profits. Investment in new plants and equipment—perhaps already discouraged by previous excesses—would then become more risky, less likely. Instead of raising business expectations, wage cuts could make matters much worse.

Further, if wages and prices were falling, people would start to expect them to fall. This could make the economy spiral downward as those who had money would simply wait as falling prices made it more valuable—rather than spending. As Irving Fisher argued in 1933, in his Debt-Deflation Theory of Great Depressions, deflation (falling prices) can make a depression deeper as falling prices and wages made pre-existing nominal debts more valuable in real terms.

Singapore Spirit on World Unity by Sports, Music & Arts and Religions

2010-09-22T22:04:00.004-04:00

Singapore Opposition shall promote World Unity whereby the world community will focus in Singapore as a capital of the world.

If we promote sports hub in Singapore. The World Sport Community will like to visit Singapore for their Sport Events.

If we promote music and arts hubs in Singapore. The World Music and Arts Community will like to visit Singapore for their Music and Arts Events.

If we promote religions hub in Singapore. The World Religions Community will like to visit Singapore for their Religion Events. Maybe we can do better than China, Japan, Tibet, India, Sri Lanka, Mecca, Israel and Vatican with more creativity events.

Singapore Spirit on World Business Alliance

2010-09-22T21:19:00.002-04:00

Singapore Opposition shall promote Business Alliance whereby individual industries will form their own local alliance as a platform to share world market with a bigger world alliances. We can not just stop at Singapore Brand but Singapore spirit with World Brand.

We will merging with International Organisation to promote World Business Alliance whereby our products and services will be serve in the international community.

Promote Singapore Spirit on Funding Entrepreneurs

2010-09-22T11:09:00.003-04:00

Our Singapore Opposition shall encourage our MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY to come out a ranking system for our listed company with six stars, five stars, four stars, three stars, two stars and one stars awards on funding Entrepreneurs.

Big Organization shall come out it vision and mission follow by objective. Whereby, the objective of the organization will fulfill by their subsidiaries private limited company. Therefore the subsidiaries companies need new business, suppliers, contractors, consultants, designers and others supports. Those supporting companies function will be a chance to set up a new joint venture company with the big organization.

Our Singapore Opposition shall promote Singapore Spirit by encourage big organization to come out 10% of annual net profit into Entrepreneurs Fund. Whereby, the Jobless Singaporean are given entrepreneurs opportunities to run a joint venture private limited company that had been set up by the listed company. Therefore the Singapore Spirit shall able to reduce family business company, long term holding a same post, single person holding too many post, jobless and so on.

The Entrepreneurs Fund provides early stage and growth financing alongside active support to entrepreneurs. If possible, the employee of the joint venture company are also the shareholder of the company.

Not Elected North Korea Government is illegal and not suitable to stay in UN

2010-06-09T23:30:00.006-04:00

We saw many United Nation Affairs was damage by illegal government and head of state like North Korea. In a modern world, good governance cooperate company will be check and balance by a Board of Director that lead by a President. The company operation will run by Management Team that lead by Chief Executive Officer (CEO). In deed, nobody is allowed to stay in both Board of Director and Management Team. If possible, Management Team should have the right to check and balance the Board of Director too.

In the modern democratic society today, we shall not agree with One Dominate Party. Whereby, Head of State, Law Maker, Government Cabinet, Juridical System, Civil Servant and Non Government Organization was link and under one roof party without proper check and balance. For example; Only Communist Party, Only Muslim Party, Only Jew Party, Only Military Personnel, Only Human Right Party can be law maker. It is an illegal representative. We shall respect elected government. A President House has the right to check and balance on a Parliament House. A Parliament House has the right to check and balance on a President House.

What is Head of state or National President or King or Queen Regnant?

A president is a leader of a country. Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership. Originally, the term referred to the presiding officer of a ceremony or meeting or chairperson, but today it most commonly refers to an official. Among other things, president today is a common title for the heads of state of most republics, whether popularly elected, chosen by the legislature or by a special electoral college. It is also often adopted by dictators.

A royal family is the extended family of a king or queen regnant. The term imperial family appropriately describes the extended family of an emperor or empress, while the terms "ducal family", "grand ducal family" or "princely family" are more appropriate to describe the relatives of a reigning duke, grand duke, or prince, however in common parlance members of any family which reigns by hereditary right are often referred to as royalty or "royals". It is also customary in some circles to refer to the extended relations of a deposed monarch and his or her descendants as a royal family.

A Monarch is the person who heads a monarchy, a form of government in which a country or entity is usually ruled or controlled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication. Monarchs may be autocrats (absolute monarchy) or may be ceremonial heads of state who exercise little or no power or only reserve power, with actual authority vested in a parliament or other body (constitutional monarchy).

What is Parliament House?

A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French parlement, the action of parler (to speak): a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which such a discussion took place. It acquired its modern meaning as it came to be used for the body of people (in an institutional sense) who would meet to discuss matters of state.

What is Interim State Management?

In the situation whereby no legal head of state and government, an Interim State Management will manage the state for two years. An interim is a temporary pause in a line of succession or event. It is frequently used as an appositive noun, in which case it serves as an adjective meaning "in between", "transitional" or "temporary" An interim solution is a solution to bridge a connection between two different things in state management.

Conclusion

United Nation (UN) has to improve the Monarchy system into Royal family council that equal to President Council. Whereby the King or the Queen Regnant will take the role as President or Head of State in the country and more than 51% elected adviser member to joint Royal family in the council.

The UN has to make a rule that any country that joint the UN membership has to be legal elected Parliament House and President House by year 2020. The UN has the right to form an Interim Head of State and a Government for a state who do not had legal representative.

Chinese Religion Problem

2010-05-31T23:33:00.002-04:00

Religion Harmony Movie

It is very sad to talk about Religion harmony in Singapore and Malaysia. We can sing and sang Religion Harmony slogan.

When come to the reality, nobody can solve it. Malaysian and Singaporean Chinese family had many of religion issues. The Chinese family has Taoism, Buddhist, Roman Catholic, Christian and Muslim. The great parent, grand parent, parent, new generation and kids have their own faith and can not get along. The family damage due to religion issues.

The RTM and Media Corp shall have more movie about misunderstand in Chinese family. A lots of misunderstand can be avoid. Different religion faith in Chinese family can be solving. If they can find out, what was main root cause of misunderstanding is.

Singaporean Reserve Authority.

2010-05-30T23:57:00.002-04:00

Singaporean Reserve Authority.

Low cost project land is a Singaporean Reserve Property and Land project to protect Singaporean from losing ability to purchase mini farm, mini house, mini shop and mini factory.

Singaporean has facing problem from International Giant Organization that had been purchasing our land for Private Housing, International Shopping Hub, International Hotel and Offices Hub and High Valve Added Industry.

In the view of the progress, it is good for the country. On the other hand, if the country facing economy downturn and war surrounded Singapore. Hence, Singaporean will unable to continue the standard of living. Many Singaporean will started to migrate and leaving Singapore. However, those who remain stay in Singapore will face jobless problem.

Therefore, we need to plan for those who remain in Singapore to continue their living here. We should build mini low cost farm, mini low cost house, mini low cost shop and mini low cost factory for low income and middle class Singaporean. The price of the property must benchmark with Malaysia and Indonesia rural area. However, the property cannot be sold or transferred without the consent in writing of the relevant authority. Furthermore the property shall only own by Singapore Citizen.

Elected Malay Muslim Representative and the enforce of Sharia Law

2010-05-29T05:22:00.003-04:00

The Rightly-Guided Caliphate represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah. Sunni Islam dictates that the head of state, the caliph, should be selected by Shura - elected by Muslims or basis for implementing representative democracy. The caliphate was "the core political concept of Sunni Islam and because of the lack of sharia law the Muslim world was no longer Muslim.

In addition to the "Basic Code" of the Quran and Sunnah, traditional Sunni Muslims also add the consensus of Muhammad's companions and Islamic jurists on certain issues. In situations where no concrete rule exists in the sources, law scholars use qiyas — various forms of reasoning, including analogy, to derive law from the essence of divine principles and preceding rulings. The consensus of the community, public interest, and other sources are used as an adjunct to Sharia where the primary and secondary sources allow. This description can be applied to the major schools of Sunni fiqh, which include the Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali.

Shariah may be divided into five main branches: ibadah (ritual worship), mu'amalat (transactions and contracts), adab (morals and manners), i'tiqadat (beliefs) and 'uqubat (punishments).

Conclusion

I believe Shariah Law shall not apply on non Muslim and newly join Muslim who does not understand Muslim World. Our Malay Muslim representative should look forward on new political management and know better on Shariah Law. We shall not look backward by just knowing Indo-China and China History, Temasek History, Maja-pahit History, Sri Vijaya History, Malacca History, Johore History and Malaysia-Singapore History.

Asia Pacific Region Tran Religion Council

2010-05-27T01:34:00.000-04:00

Asia Pacific Region Tran Religion Council

The Weakness of Human being on writing Religion History

Religion history was a history that happens few hundred years after the death of the prophets or messiah by passing massage of the history from one person to another person. Finally, the history had been recorded down as a holy book and a religion reference. Due to human being have the desire to monopoly the religion right, we started to argue about what we had believed by our own interpretation and understanding. Yet, God want us to be humble.

Sometime we want to defeat our competitors; we will remember every single word and behave as per the holy book needs. However, we had been wasted our time to become religion idol or life statue. This will never benefit us. Yet, God want us to be kind and take-care other human being.

The rule and regulation in religion is to punish those who was committed sin and never agreed to change. Hence, they will continue to harm human being if they never had been punished. However, when other people had been doing mistake for sure we will never forgive them even though he want to change. Therefore, we want him to be punished. On the other hand, if we do mistake for sure we need to be forgiven. Yet, God want us to forgive others with love.

What we can do for the harmony and peace of our land

We should have Religion Community court (example Sharia court) for both accuse and defender within the same religion if they do not have any objection in the decision of primary court. Religion Town or Holy Town shall not bigger than 4 square kilo meter. All religion shall have an agreement for peace between religions and sects. The Religion Council has to come out a peaceful decision to stop the unhappiness. For an example is jail and fine.

Asia Pacific Region Tran Nation Note Currency and Central Bank

2010-05-24T23:03:00.001-04:00

Asia Pacific Region Tran Nation Note Currency

In most cases, each private central bank has monopoly control over the supply and production of its own currency. To facilitate trade between these currency zones, there are different exchange rates, which are the prices at which currencies (and the goods and services of individual currency zones) can be exchanged against each other. Currencies can be classified as either floating currencies or fixed currencies based on their exchange rate regime.

In cases where a country does have control of its own currency, that control is exercised either by a central bank or by a Ministry of Finance. In either case, the institution that has control of monetary policy is referred to as the monetary authority. Monetary authorities have varying degrees of autonomy from the governments that create them. In the United States, the Federal Reserve System operates without direct oversight by the legislative or executive branches. A monetary authority is created and supported by its sponsoring government, so independence can be reduced by the legislative or executive authority that creates it. (Revocation of authority is unlikely in Western countries, where there has been a trend towards central bank independence.)

We can saw most of Asia Pacific Countries are using United States note in their Tran-nation business. Many of us feel unfair due to the United States note are not our central bank note. Therefore, the United States financial and economy affair shall manage by United States itself.

To prevent Euro currency crisis in Asia Pacific Region, the Asia Pacific Region shall have our own central bank and note. The trade of the local nation currency with Asia Pacific note shall be a fixed currency that decided by Asia Pacific Central Bank time to time base on monthly decision.

Asia Pacific Region Tran Military and Police Force

2010-05-22T23:47:00.001-04:00

When we talk about Asia Pacific Region, we shall link it to The Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean regional countries.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth's surface. It is bounded on the north by South Asia; on the west by East Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, by Antarctica). It is the only ocean to be named after the name of a country, i.e. India.

Today a nation military force and a nation police force are no longer able to fight crime and military conflicts of a nation can handle itself. We shall have a Tran-nation military force and Tran-nation police force for Asia Pacific Region to fight crime and military conflict. This is to ensure and protect the regional economy development.

As a centre mega city of Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, Singapore has a role to save the regional political and economy. Singapore shall bring all nations together on discussing the Tran-nation Economy and Political Forum.

Curfew and Charter of Rights and Freedoms Act

2010-05-16T22:18:00.002-04:00

Curfew

The curfew started when our Citizen of Singapore become violent public disorder and disturbance of the public peace. Whereby, the violent public disorder group with three or more persons acting together in a disrupting and tumultuous manner in carrying out their private purposes.

The Public Order Act, Chapter 258 and Internal Security Act, Chapter 143, an order establishing a specific time in the evening after which certain regulations apply, esp. that no civilians or other specified group of unauthorized persons may be outdoors or that places of public assembly must be closed.

The Curfew is a regulation requiring a person to be home at a certain prescribed time, as imposed by a parent on a child.

PUBLIC ORDER (PRESERVATION) ACT (CHAPTER 258)

7. —

(1) In any proclaimed area, the Minister, the Commissioner of Police or the officer in charge of a division may by order require every person within the area or any part thereof to remain within doors between such hours as may be specified in the order unless in possession of a written permit in that behalf issued by the Minister or by a police officer of or above the rank of sergeant or by any public officer authorized in writing by the Minister, the Commissioner of Police or the officer in charge of a division to issue such permits.

(2) No order under this section shall apply to —

the President;

any police officer or any member of any naval, military or air forces established or serving in Singapore when on duty; or

any person or class of persons exempted from the provisions of such order by the Commissioner of Police or the officer in charge of the division.

(3) The powers conferred by subsection (1) may be exercised by any police officer not below the rank of sergeant authorized in writing in that behalf by the Commissioner of Police:

21/73.

Provided that no order made in pursuance of this subsection shall be valid after the expiration of a period of 24 hours from the time it was made unless confirmed by the Commissioner of Police.

(4) The Minister may vary or cancel any order made in exercise of the powers conferred by subsection (1) by a police officer.

21/73.

INTERNAL SECURITY ACT (CHAPTER 143)

53. —

(1) Every person within any division or part thereof within a security area which may be designated by order by the officer in charge of the division shall remain within doors, or within such area as may be defined in the order, between such hours as may be specified in the order, unless in possession of a written permit in that behalf issued by a police officer of or above the rank of sergeant.

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(2) No order under this section shall apply to —

the President;

any member of the security forces when acting in the course of his duty;

any person or class of persons exempted from the provisions of such order by the Commissioner of Police or the officer in charge of the division.

Conclusion

The Singapore Government shall approve the Singaporean Charter of Rights and Freedoms Act. We had the Public Order Act, Chapter 258 and the Internal Security Act, Chapter 143 to cease any violent public disorder and disturbance of the public peace.

We also had a strong Police Force and Military force to manage the Pubic Disorder and the Internal Security.

PART I

PRELIMINARY

Short title and commencement
1. This Act may be cited as the Public Order Act 2009 and shall come into operation on such date as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, appoint.

Interpretation
2. —(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires —

"act of terrorism" means any of the following:

(a) a terrorist bombing offence within the meaning of the Terrorism (Suppression of Bombings) Act (Cap. 324A);

(b) a terrorist act within the meaning of the Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act (Cap. 325);

"assembly" means a gathering or meeting (whether or not comprising any lecture, talk, address, debate or discussion) of persons the purpose (or one of the purposes) of which is —

(a) to demonstrate support for or opposition to the views or actions of any person, group of persons or any government;

(b) to publicise a cause or campaign; or

and includes a demonstration by a person alone for any such purpose referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c);

"authorised officer" , in relation to any provision in this Act or the regulations, means any police officer authorised in that behalf by the Commissioner for the purposes of that provision;

"Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Police appointed under the Police Force Act (Cap. 235);

"copy" , in relation to a film, means any article or thing in which the visual images or sounds comprising the film are embodied;

"declaration" means a declaration made under section 21;

"event" includes any rehearsal, sound and light testing and other ancillary activities necessary and incidental to an event;

"permit" means a permit granted under section 7 in respect of a public assembly or public procession;

"place" includes any motor vehicle, train, vessel, aircraft or other conveyance;

"procession" means a march, parade or other procession (whether or not involving the use of vehicles or other conveyances) —

(a) comprising 2 or more persons gathered at a place of assembly to move from that place substantially as a body of persons in succession proceeding by a common route or routes; and

(b) the purpose (or one of the purposes) of which is —

(i) to demonstrate support for or opposition to the views or actions of any person, group of persons or any government;

(ii) to publicise a cause or campaign; or

(iii) to mark or commemorate any event,

and includes any assembly held in conjunction with such procession, and a march by a person alone for any such purpose referred to in paragraph (b)(i), (ii) or (iii);

"prohibited area" means any area that is specified in an order made under section 12;

"public assembly" means an assembly held or to be held in a public place or to which members of the public in general are invited, induced or permitted to attend;

"public place" means —

(a) any place (open to the air or otherwise) to which members of the public have access as of right or by virtue of express or implied permission, whether or not on payment of a fee, whether or not access to the place may be restricted at particular times or for particular purposes, and whether or not it is an “approved place” within the meaning of the Public Entertainments and Meetings Act (Cap. 257); or

(b) a part of a place that the occupier of the place allows members of the public to enter, but only while the place is ordinarily open to members of the public;

"public procession" means a procession in, to or from a public place;

"regulated place" means any place to which Part IV applies;

"security officer" means an individual who is a licensed security officer within the meaning of the Private Security Industry Act (Cap. 250A);

"special event" means an event declared under section 21 to be a special event;

"special event area" , in relation to a special event, means, for the period the declaration under section 21 of the event is in force —

(a) the place or places stated in the declaration as the location or locations at which the event is or is to be; and

(b) any place reasonably incidental to the holding of the event;

"unrestricted area" means a public place specified in an order made under section 14.

(2) Any reference in this Act to an assembly or a procession that is unlawful under Part II shall be a reference to an assembly or a procession —

(a) in respect of which no permit has been granted under section 7 or no such permit is in force;

(b) which is held —

(i) on a date or at a time which differs from the date or time specified in relation to the assembly or procession in the notice given under section 6; or

(ii) in the case of a procession, along a route which differs from the route specified in relation to the procession in the notice given under section 6;

(c) which is not in compliance with any requirement imposed by section 8(1) or any condition imposed under section 8(2) on organisers or persons taking part in that assembly or procession;

(d) which is held within a prohibited area and the holding thereof is prohibited by an order under section 12(1);

(e) the holding of which is prohibited by an order or a notification under section 13(1) or (2); or

(f) which is held within an unrestricted area and the holding thereof is not in accordance with any condition that applies by virtue of section 14 to the organising or taking part in the assembly or procession.

Meanings of “organising” and “taking part in”
3. —(1) In this Act, a reference to a person organising an assembly or a procession shall be a reference to a person who is responsible for holding, convening, forming or collecting the assembly or procession, and includes —

(a) any person who assists or promotes the holding, convening, forming or collecting of any assembly or procession; and

(b) where any person will receive revenue from the sale (if any) of tickets to the assembly or procession, that person,

but does not include a person carrying on a demonstration by himself or marching alone.

(2) A reference to a person or persons taking part in an assembly or a procession shall include, as the case may be, a person carrying on a demonstration by himself, or a march by a person alone, for any such purpose referred to in the definitions of an assembly and a procession, respectively, in section 2(1).

Commissioner and authorised officers
4. —(1) The Commissioner shall, subject to any general or special directions of the Minister, be responsible for the administration of this Act and may perform such duties as are imposed and may exercise such powers as are conferred upon him by this Act.

(2) The Minister may from time to time give the Commissioner directions of a general character, and not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, as to the exercise of the powers and discretions conferred on the Commissioner by, and the duties required to be discharged by the Commissioner under, this Act; and the Commissioner shall give effect to all such directions given.

(3) The Commissioner may delegate the exercise of all or any of the powers conferred or duties imposed upon him by this Act (except the power of delegation conferred by this subsection) to any authorised officer, subject to such conditions or limitations as set out in this Act or as the Commissioner may specify by directions; and any reference in this Act to the Commissioner shall include a reference to such an authorised officer.

(4) In exercising any powers or functions under a delegation under subsection (3), an authorised officer must comply with any direction of the Commissioner.

PART II

ASSEMBLIES AND PROCESSIONS

Regulation of public assemblies and public processions
5. —(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a public assembly and a public procession shall not take place unless —

(a) the Commissioner is notified under section 6 of the intention to hold the public assembly or public procession, and a permit is granted under section 7 in respect of that public assembly or public procession, as the case may be; and

(b) the holding of that public assembly or public procession is not prohibited under section 12 or 13.

(2) This section shall not apply to —

(a) an assembly or a procession exempted from this section under section 46; and

(b) an assembly or a procession within any part of an unrestricted area not falling within a special event area.

Advance notice of public assembly or public procession
6. —(1) Notice of intention to organise a public assembly or public procession shall be given in accordance with subsections (2) and (3) to the Commissioner in the prescribed manner accompanied by an application for a permit in respect of that assembly or procession, as the case may be.

(2) Notice under this section shall be given not less than the prescribed period before the date on which the assembly or procession, as the case may be, is to be held.

(3) Notice under this section shall —

(a) be given in writing in such form as may be prescribed;

(b) be given —

(i) if it is a demonstration carried on by a person by himself or a march by a person alone, by that person; and

(ii) in any other case, by any of the organisers of the assembly or procession; and

(i) the location, date and time where and when the assembly or procession, as the case may be, is to be held and the estimated time at which it will disband;

(ii) in the case of a procession, the location, time of commencement and duration of any assembly to be held in conjunction with the procession and the route, the places (if any) at which the procession will halt and time for which it will remain stationary in each such place;

(iii) the number of persons likely to take part in it;

(iv) the purpose of the assembly or procession;

(v) the name, address and telephone number of the organiser of the assembly or procession, and of a person able to act, if necessary, in place of the organiser for the purposes of section 8(1)(a);

(vi) the arrangements for its control being made by the person proposing to organise it;

(vii) such other particulars and information relating to the assembly or procession as may be prescribed;

(viii) such other particulars and information relating to that particular assembly or procession, as the case may be, as the Commissioner may require.

(4) Notwithstanding subsection (2), the Commissioner may, and shall in any case where he is reasonably satisfied that earlier notice could not have been given, accept shorter notice than is as mentioned in that subsection.

(5) In cases where the Commissioner has decided not to accept shorter notice than is as mentioned in subsection (2), he shall as soon as practicable inform in writing the person purporting to give such notice of his decision.

Permit for public assembly or public procession
7. —(1) The Commissioner shall, upon receipt of any notice and application under section 6 for a permit in respect of a proposed public assembly or public procession, have regard to the information furnished in the notice and any other information available to him in relation to the proposed public assembly or public procession, as the case may be, and may thereafter either —

(a) grant a permit (with or without conditions) in respect of the proposed public assembly or public procession, as the case may be; or

(b) refuse to grant a permit in respect of the proposed public assembly or public procession.

(2) The Commissioner may refuse to grant a permit for a public assembly or public procession in respect of which notice under section 6 has been given if he has reasonable ground for apprehending that the proposed assembly or procession may —

(a) occasion public disorder, or damage to public or private property;

(b) create a public nuisance;

(d) place the safety of any person in jeopardy;

(e) cause feelings of enmity, hatred, ill-will or hostility between different groups in Singapore;

(f) glorify the commission or preparation (whether in the past, in the future or generally) of acts of terrorism or any offence or otherwise have the effect of directly or indirectly encouraging or otherwise inducing members of the public to commit, prepare or instigate acts of terrorism or such an offence; or

(g) be held within or enter a prohibited area, or an area to which an order or a notification under section 13 applies.

Conditions applying to public assembly or public procession
8. —(1) At every public assembly or public procession —

(a) there shall be present throughout the assembly or procession either the person who organised the assembly or procession or, if he is not present, a person nominated by him, in writing, to act in his place; and

(b) good order and public safety shall be maintained throughout the assembly or procession, as the case may be.

(2) In granting a permit for a public assembly or public procession, the Commissioner may impose on the organisers of, and the persons taking part in, the assembly or procession such conditions specified in the permit and relating to the assembly or procession as in the Commissioner’s opinion are necessary to prevent the assembly or procession, as the case may be, being carried out to result in anything referred to in section 7(2)(a) to (g).

(3) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (2), the conditions may, in particular, impose requirements as to —

(a) the number of persons who may take part in the public assembly or public procession;

(b) the number and size of banners, placards, displays or other paraphernalia used;

(c) the engagement of such number of marshals and security officers as may be necessary to ensure that good order and public safety shall be maintained throughout the assembly or procession, as the case may be; and

(d) the place or places where the public assembly or public procession may, or may not, be carried on.

(4) The Commissioner may, if he reasonably believes that it is necessary in order to prevent anything referred to in section 7(2)(a) to (g) from happening —

(a) impose additional conditions on those organising or taking part in an assembly or a procession authorised by a permit; or

(b) amend any condition previously imposed under subsection (2) or paragraph (a),

and the senior police officer may give directions to those organising or taking part in the assembly or procession to ensure the due observance of any condition imposed under subsection (2).

(5) Any reference in this Act to a condition imposed under subsection (2) shall, except where the context otherwise requires, include reference to an additional condition or amendment to such a condition imposed under subsection (4).

(6) In this section —

“assembly” and “procession” include the period of first assembly of the assembly and procession, respectively, to the time it disbands;

"senior police officer" means the most senior in rank of the police officers present at the scene of the assembly or procession, or any one of them if there are more than one of the same rank.

Form and validity of permit
9. A permit granted under section 7 shall —

(a) be in such form as the Commissioner may determine;

(b) contain the conditions subject to which it is granted; and

(i) in respect of the holding of such particular public assembly or public procession specified in the permit; or

(ii) for such period (not exceeding one year) as may be specified therein.

When permit may be cancelled
10. —(1) The Commissioner may, by notice in writing to the person to whom the permit is granted, cancel the permit that has been granted thereto.

(2) Without prejudice to subsection (1), the Commissioner may, by notice in writing, cancel a permit that has been granted to any person if —

(a) the permit has been reported lost or stolen;

(b) there is reasonable cause to believe that the permit has been obtained by means of any false statement or any statement that is false in a material particular;

(c) the Commissioner becomes aware of a circumstance that would have required or permitted him to refuse the permit to the person had he been aware of the circumstance immediately before the grant thereof; or

(d) there is reasonable cause to believe that any condition of the permit has been contravened.

(3) Every permit that is cancelled under subsection (1) shall thereupon be invalid and cease to be in force.

Appeal to Minister
11. —(1) If a person is aggrieved by the Commissioner"s decision under this Part —

(a) to refuse to grant a permit;

(b) to cancel a permit; or

the person may, within 7 days after being notified of the decision (or such longer period as the Minister allows in exceptional circumstances, whether before or after the end of the 7 days), appeal to the Minister whose decision shall be final.

(2) An appeal must be in writing, and specify the grounds on which it is made.

(3) After receiving an appeal under subsection (1), the Minister shall consider the appeal and —

(a) reject the appeal and confirm the Commissioner’s decision;

(b) allow the appeal in whole or in part and vary the Commissioner’s decision;

(d) direct the Commissioner to reconsider his decision,

and the appellant shall be notified in writing of the Minister’s decision in respect of his appeal accordingly.

(4) In this section, any reference to the Minister shall include a reference to any Minister of State designated by the Minister to hear any appeal under this section in place of the Minister.

Prohibited areas
12. —(1) If, in relation to any public place, the Minister is of the opinion that, having regard to the extent of powers exercisable under section 13, it is necessary in the public interest to do so, the Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, prohibit the holding of all public assemblies or public processions or both in the public place (referred to in this Act as a prohibited area).

(2) An order made under subsection (1) may exclude any assembly or procession, or any assembly or procession of any class or description, specified in the order from the prohibition therein.

(3) An order made under subsection (1) shall have the effect of cancelling any previous permit granted under section 7 in relation to any public assembly or public procession, the holding of which is prohibited by the order.

(4) All orders made under this section shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.

Power to prohibit assembly or procession in public interest
13. —(1) If, in the case of any proposed public assembly or public procession, the Minister is of the opinion that it is necessary in the public interest to do so, the Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, prohibit the holding of that public assembly or public procession.

(2) If, in relation to any public place and any period of time not exceeding 28 days, the Commissioner is of the opinion that, having regard to —

(a) any serious public disorder or serious damage to public or private property which may result from public assemblies or public processions of a particular class or description in that public place during that period;

(b) any serious public nuisance or obstruction in any public road, or threat to the safety of persons in that public place, that may result from such public assemblies or public processions;

(c) any serious impact which such public assemblies or public processions may have on relations between different groups in Singapore;

(d) any undue demands which such public assemblies or public processions may cause to be made on the police or military forces; and

(e) the extent of powers exercisable under subsection (1),

it is necessary in the public interest to do so, he may, with the concurrence of the Minister, by notification published in the Gazette, prohibit the holding of all public assemblies or public processions or both, or of that class or description, in that public place during that period.

(3) An order made under subsection (1) in relation to an assembly or a procession shall have the effect of cancelling any previous permit granted under section 7 in relation to that assembly or procession.

(4) A notification made under subsection (2) shall have the effect of cancelling any previous permit granted under section 7 in relation to any assembly or procession, the holding of which is prohibited by the notification.

Unrestricted areas
14. —(1) If the Minister is of the opinion that, having regard to the natural environment of any public place and the likelihood of any serious disruption to the life of the community (such as but not limited to the rights of members of the public to enjoy the natural environment and the rights of persons to carry on business), it is appropriate to allow citizens and other persons to exercise the right to participate in assemblies and processions in that public place, the Minister may, by order published in the Gazette, designate that public place (referred to in this Act as an unrestricted area) to be an area whereby no notice under section 6, and no permit under section 7, shall be required for the holding of all assemblies or processions or both therein.

(2) An order made under subsection (1) shall —

(a) describe the unrestricted area, whether by means of a description, map or other document;

(b) state any period for which the order is in force; and

(c) state the conditions (if any) that apply to the organising of, or taking part in, any assembly or procession within that unrestricted area.

(3) An order made under subsection (1) may —

(a) provide that any contravention of any condition therein that is applicable to the organising of or taking part in any assembly or procession within the unrestricted area subject to the order shall be an offence punishable with a fine not exceeding $10,000 or with imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or with both; and

(b) provide for such transitional, savings and other consequential, incidental and supplemental provisions as the Minister considers necessary or expedient.

(4) All orders made under this section shall be presented to Parliament as soon as possible after publication in the Gazette.

(5) This section shall have effect subject to section 33.

Offences in prohibited areas, etc.
15. —(1) A person who organises an assembly or a procession the holding of which he knows or ought reasonably to know is prohibited by an order under section 12(1) or 13(1) or a notification under section 13(2), as the case may be, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.

(2) A person who takes part in an assembly or a procession the holding of which he knows or ought reasonably to know is prohibited by an order under section 12(1) or 13(1) or a notification under section 13(2), as the case may be, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.

Other offences in relation to assemblies or processions
16. —(1) Each person who organises a public assembly or public procession —

(a) in respect of which no permit has been granted under section 7 or no such permit is in force, where such permit is required by this Act;

(b) which is held —

(i) on a date or at a time which differs from the date or time specified in relation to the assembly or procession in the notice given under section 6; or

(ii) in the case of a procession, along a route which differs from the route specified in relation to the procession in the notice given under section 6; or

(c) which is not in compliance with any condition imposed under section 8(2) on persons taking part in that assembly or procession,

shall be guilty of an offence and shall, subject to subsection (3), be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000.

(2) Each person who takes part in a public assembly or public procession —

(a) in respect of which no permit has been granted under section 7 or no such permit is in force, where such permit is required by this Act;

(b) which is held —

(i) on a date or at a time which differs from the date or time specified in relation to the assembly or procession in the notice given under section 6; or

(ii) in the case of a procession, along a route which differs from the route specified in relation to the procession in the notice given under section 6; or

(c) which is not in compliance with any requirement imposed by section 8(1)(b) or any condition imposed under section 8(2) on persons taking part in that assembly or procession,

shall be guilty of an offence and shall, subject to subsection (3), be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $3,000.

(3) Where a person who is convicted or found guilty of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) is a repeat offender, the person shall be liable on conviction —

(a) if the person is one who organises an assembly or a procession — to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both; and

(b) if the person is one who takes part in an assembly or a procession — to a fine not exceeding $5,000.

(4) A person organising or taking part in an assembly or a procession who knowingly fails to comply with any direction of the senior police officer given under section 8(4) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction —

(a) in the case of a person organising an assembly or a procession — to a fine not exceeding $10,000; and

(b) in the case of a person taking part in an assembly or a procession — to a fine not exceeding $5,000.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (3), a person is a repeat offender in relation to an offence under subsection (1) or (2) if the person who is convicted, or found guilty, of an offence under subsection (1) or (2) (referred to as the current offence) has been convicted or found guilty of —

(a) an offence under subsection (1) or (2);

(b) an offence under section 5(4) of the Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act (Cap. 184) as in force immediately before the commencement of this section; or

(c) an offence under any rules made under section 5(1) of the Miscellaneous Offences (Public Order and Nuisance) Act as in force immediately before the commencement of this section, in relation to any assembly or procession in any public road, public place or place of public resort held without a permit under those rules or in contravention of any term or condition of such a permit,

on at least one other occasion within the period of 5 years immediately before the date on which he is convicted or found guilty of the current offence.

(6) This section shall not apply to —

(a) an assembly or a procession exempted from this section under section 46; and

(b) an assembly or a procession within an unrestricted area not falling within a special event area.

Defences
17. —(1) In any proceedings for an offence under section 16(1)(a) or (2)(a), it shall be a defence for the person charged to prove that he did not know, and neither suspected nor had reason to suspect, that no permit had been granted under section 7 in respect of the assembly or procession or that no such permit is in force, as the case may be.

(2) In any proceedings for an offence under section 16(1)(b) or (2)(b), it shall be a defence for the person charged to prove that —

(a) he did not know, and neither suspected nor had reason to suspect, the difference in date, time or route; or

(b) the difference arose from —

(i) circumstances beyond his control;

(ii) something done in compliance with conditions imposed under section 8(2); or

(iii) something done with the agreement of a police officer not below the rank of sergeant or by the senior police officer’s direction under section 8(4).

(3) In any proceedings for an offence under section 16(1)(c) or (2)(c), it shall be a defence for the person charged to prove that he did not know, and neither suspected nor had reason to suspect, that the assembly or procession was not in compliance with any of the conditions of the permit for the assembly or procession.

(4) In any proceedings for an offence under section 16(4), it shall be a defence for the person charged to prove that his failure to comply with a direction of the senior police officer given under section 8(4) arose from circumstances beyond his control.

Obstructing free passage of any ambulance, etc.
18. Where a person at, or in relation to, an assembly or a procession conducted pursuant to a permit —

(a) acts in a disorderly manner for the purpose of preventing the transaction of the business for which the assembly or procession assembled;

(b) obstructs the free passage of any ambulance, fire engine or vehicle belonging to the Singapore Police Force or the Singapore Civil Defence Force or, otherwise than in the manner and to the extent authorised by the permit relating to that assembly or procession, impedes or disrupts the use by members of the public in general of any road; or

the person shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.

Legal immunity for participant in lawful assembly or procession
19. If an assembly or a procession —

(a) is the subject of a permit;

(b) is peaceful; and

a person who takes part in the assembly or procession, does not, merely because of his taking part, incur any civil or criminal liability because of the obstruction of a public place.

The Singaporean Charter of Rights and Freedoms

2010-05-15T23:51:00.000-04:00

The Singaporean Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Under the Charter, people physically present in Singapore have numerous civil and political rights. Most of the rights can be exercised by any legal person, (the Charter does not define the corporation as a "legal person"), but a few of the rights belong exclusively to natural persons, or (as in sections 3 and 6) only to citizens of Singapore.

The rights are enforceable by the courts through section 24 of the Charter, which allows courts discretion to award remedies to those whose rights have been denied. This section also allows courts to exclude evidence in trials if the evidence was acquired in a way that conflicts with the Charter and might damage the reputation of the justice system.

Section 32 confirms that the Charter is binding on the Singapore government. The rights and freedoms enshrined in the Charter include:

Fundamental freedoms (section 2), namely freedom of conscience, freedom of religion, freedom of thought, freedom of belief, freedom of expression, freedom of the press and of other media of communication, freedom of peaceful assembly, and freedom of association.

Democratic rights: generally, the right to participate in political activities and the right to a democratic form of government:

Section 3: the right to vote and to be eligible to serve as member of a legislature.

Section 4: the maximum duration of legislatures is set at five years.

Section 5: an annual sitting of legislatures is required as a minimum.

Mobility rights: (section 6): the right to enter and leave Singapore, and to move to and take up residence in Singapore, or to reside outside Singapore.

Legal rights: rights of people in dealing with the justice system and law enforcement, namely:

Section 7: right to life, liberty, and security of the person.

Section 8: right from unreasonable search and seizure.

Section 9: freedom from arbitrary detainment or imprisonment.

Section 10: right to legal counsel and the guarantee of habeas corpus.

Section 11: rights in criminal and penal matters such as the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.

Section 12: right not to be subject to cruel and unusual punishment.

Section 13: rights against self-incrimination

Section 14:rights to an interpreter in a court proceeding.

Equality rights: (section 15): equal treatment before and under the law, and equal protection and benefit of the law without discrimination.

Language rights: generally, the right to use either the English or Mandarin or Tamil or Malay in communications with Singapore government. Specifically, the language laws enshrined in the Charter include:

Section 16: English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil are the official languages of Singapore.

Section 16.1: the English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil speaking communities of Singapore have equal rights to educational and cultural institutions.

Section 17: the right to use either official language in Parliament legislature.

Section 18: the statutes and proceedings of Parliament legislature is to be printed in those official languages.

Section 19: both official languages may be used in Singapore courts.

Section 20: the right to communicate with and be served by the Singapore governments in either official language.

Section 21: other constitutional language rights outside the Charter regarding English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil are sustained.

Section 22: existing rights to use languages besides English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil are not affected by the fact that only English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil have language rights in the Charter. (Hence, if there are any rights to use Aboriginal languages anywhere they would continue to exist, though they would have no direct protection under the Charter.)

Minority language education rights: (Section 23): rights for certain citizens belonging to Mandarin, Malay, Tamil or English-speaking minority communities to be educated in their own language.

Section 25, which states that the Charter does not derogate existing Aboriginal rights and freedoms. Aboriginal rights, including treaty rights, receive more direct constitutional protection.

Section 26, which clarifies that other rights and freedoms in Singapore are not invalidated by the Charter.

Section 27, which requires the Charter to be interpreted in a multicultural context.

Section 28, which states all Charter rights are guaranteed equally to men and women.

Section 29, which confirms the rights of religious schools are preserved.

Section 30, which clarifies the applicability of the Charter in the territories.

Section 31, which confirms that the Charter does not extend the rights of legislatures.

Finally, section 34 states that the first 34 sections of the Constitution Act, may be collectively referred to as the "Singaporean Charter of Rights and Freedoms".

The People’s Welfare and Livelihood

2010-05-04T05:29:00.003-04:00

The People’s Welfare and Livelihood

A Nation team spirit is the key of success. Whereby, every citizen is trying their best to uphold the nation. Singapore can perform well in International Sports, Arts, Science Technologies, Economy, Securities and other event.

However, behind the success story there will be some failure or left behind due to what ever reason. To share the fruit of nation success, the ruling political party had the responsibility to take care the people’s welfare and livelihood.

Social Welfare

Welfare or welfare work consists of actions or procedures — especially on the part of governments and institutions — striving to promote the basic well-being of individuals in need. These efforts usually strive to improve the financial situation of people in need but may also strive to improve their employment chances and many other aspects of their lives including sometimes their mental health. In many countries, most such aid is provided by family members, relatives, and the local community and is only theoretically available from government sources.

Populism "for the people," "to pleasure the people"

Populism, defined either as an ideology (more rarely and uncommonly), a political philosophy or a type of discourse, is a type of political-social thought that juxtaposes "the people" against "the elites", and urges social and political system changes. It can also be defined as a rhetorical style employed by members of political or social movements. It is defined by the Cambridge dictionary as "political ideas and activities that are intended to represent ordinary people's needs and wishes".

Livelihood to earn for living

Today the 85% Singaporean are living in Public Housing. Each family needs to take cares their parent and four kids. Our HDB house is too small for the eight persons to stay. That is why the parent needs to purchase another unit. The parent also needs to earn for living because the new couple need to spend more money on their kids. To reduce cost for kids, many new couple does not have kids or less than two kids.

When we talk about our livelihood, it would link to food, clothing, housing, education, skill training, medical fee, nursing home, nursery home, childcare, before and after school care home, utilities, cable TV, telephone, internet, transportation and other basic thing that just need for living.

Conclusion

A good ruling party shall take cares the welfare of the Needy, Children, Youth, Jobless Adult, Low Income and Elderly. A capable ruling party shall find way to improve livelihood of middle class Singaporean. We can see un-capable ruling party make the people against the elites every where. The married and baby birth rate also decline when we have poor livelihood.

The People Power and our Singaporean Democracy

2010-05-02T22:27:00.002-04:00

The People Power and our Singaporean Democracy

Democracy has two sets of powers. It is the power of Politic and the power of Governance.

Politics

The power of politics is the powers of the people to express their political wishes in the parliament.

Governance

The power of governance is the powers of administration. It is a check and balance of Singapore constitutional theory.

We had the President Council, the Parliament house and the Judicial Council.

Conclusion

Since Dr Sun Yat Sen, we had talking about the people power but we still have a lot of space need to improve.

The President Council is appointed by Elected President. The citizen shall vote for member of President Council and the elected member shall vote for President Post.

The Parliament House was a one ruling party since Independent from Malaysia. We need a proportionate representation system to replace SMC and GRC.

On top of the Chief Justice, we shall elected a judicial council to supervise of judicial system.

East Asia Map

2010-05-01T23:35:00.002-04:00

The Republic of Malay-Zhong-Hua - Singapore Island

2010-05-01T05:44:00.004-04:00

A nation is a grouping of people who share common history, culture, language and ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own government.

The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula is in Southeast Asia. The land mass runs approximately north-south and, at its terminus, is the southern-most point of the Asian mainland. The area contains territories of Burma, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.

The Titiwangsa Mountains is part of the Tenasserim Hills system, and forms the backbone of the Peninsula. They form the southernmost section of the central cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus (the Peninsula's narrowest point) into the Malay peninsula. The Straits of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra while the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor.

The Malay term Tanah Melayu is generally used by the Malays and occasionally used in political discourse to describe uniting all ethnic Malay people on the peninsula under one Malay nation against the Great Britain to form an Independent nation. Yet the original native of peninsula share same identity as minority with others non Muslim. This is so call Majority Right.

It is not an issue to call a nation as Republic of Malay-Zhong-Hua, Singapore Island. Singaporean shall share common history, culture, language and ethnic origin to seeking its own government. The majority of Singaporean is Chinese. The Singaporean Chinese had form mix culture and mix language with Malay Muslim, Indian and European. They also mix married with them too. It is not difficult to form a national identity as far the Chinese Singaporean able to respect and share with the minorities.

Reform Political model

2010-04-25T22:53:00.003-04:00

Reform Political model

Why must we support Right Wing Politic and Left Wing Politic or Anarchism and Libertarianism or Personal Freedom and Economy Freedom or Religion Holy Book and Religion Freedom?

This is just a theory that human being made. The process started from King to Religion, from Religion to Democracy and from Democracy to Left/Right Wing. However, what we need is a representative committee to help us to manage our residential municipality, town, district and nation state.

Our Residential Council, Town Council, City District Council and Parliament are control by number of term and year. Each Council term had two years and each Parliament term had four years. If 25% of Executive Committee are not agree with the committee management, the Secretary General or Prime Minister had to propose to President for fresh Election. Nobody shall go to street for damaging personal and public property.

Conclusion

Our elected representative shall be a humble person who able to collect feedback from his voter and compare with other similar feedback that had been happen and solve by other residential municipality, town, district and nation state representative. The representative shall debate in the committee and the civil servant shall make sure the new policy will benefit to the people because they are voters. Majority interest will win and minority interest is protected. (For an example; no pork in public but pork can sell at special shop. no prostitute in public but can operate at Special Street, no welfare granted but have charity fund to help the society, Police City but criminal record can be pardon, English World Class University but Third Class Malay and Chinese University we also have)