To have a Successful Care and overcome Kidney Related Disease for Singaporean

To have a Successful Care and overcome Kidney Related Disease for Singaporean

To meet health care needs, Medisave was introduced, allowing CPF members to use their CPF savings for hospitalization expenses for themselves and their dependents. Such extensions for members’ dependents were also found in other CPF schemes like insurance.

Thousands of Singaporeans died of kidney failure. Many sold their homes and belongings to pay for treatment, as the charge of dialysis was exorbitant. Kidney transplants were a remote option and death was an inevitable reality. However, things began to change with the inception of the Medisave.

Medisave can provide high quality programmes for rehabilitation of patients to achieve a better quality of life and prevention of kidney disease in the community. Medisave will organise cost-effective and comprehensive education and health-screening programmes against kidney-related disease for the community.

Medisave will rehabilitation, including haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for our kidney patients. Medisave will promote renal transplantation as this offers best long-term survival and quality of life. Medisave will continually enhance their expertise through continuing professional education and improving the work environment.

How is kidney failure diagnosed?

Diagnosis of kidney failure is confirmed by blood tests measuring the buildup of waste products in the blood. BUN and creatinine become elevated, and the glomerular filtration rate decreases. This is the rate with which blood is filtered through the kidneys and can be calculated based upon the creatinine level, age, race, and gender.

Urine tests may be done to measure the amount of protein, detect the presence of abnormal cells, or measure the concentration of electrolytes. Protein in the urine is not normal and can be a clue that damage to the kidneys has occurred. Abnormal aggregations of red and white blood cells called casts can be seen in the urine with kidney disease. Comparing the concentrations of electrolytes in the blood and urine can help decide whether the kidneys are able to appropriately monitor and filter blood.

Other tests are used to diagnose the type of kidney failure. Abdominal ultrasound can assess the size of the kidneys and may identify whether any obstruction exists. Biopsy of the kidney uses a thin needle that is placed through the skin into the kidney itself to get bits of tissue to examine under the microscope.

What is the treatment for kidney failure?

Prevention is always the goal with kidney failure. Chronic disease such as hypertension and diabetes are devastating because of the damage that they can do to kidneys and other organs. Lifelong diligence is important in keeping blood sugar and blood pressure within normal limits. Specific treatments are dependent upon the underlying diseases.
Once kidney failure is present, the goal is to prevent further deterioration of renal function. If ignored, the kidneys will progress to complete failure, but if underlying illnesses are addressed and treated aggressively, kidney function can be preserved, though not always improved.

Diet

Diet is an important consideration for those with impaired kidney function. Consultation with a dietician may be helpful to understand what foods may or may not be appropriate.
Since the kidneys cannot easily remove excess water, salt, or potassium, they may need to be consumed in limited quantities. Foods high in potassium include bananas, apricots, and salt substitutes.

Phosphorus is a forgotten chemical that is associated with calcium metabolism and may be elevated in kidney failure. Too much phosphorus can leech calcium from the bones and cause osteoporosis and fractures. Foods with high phosphorus content include milk, cheese, nuts, and cola drinks.

Medications

Medications may be used to help control some of the issues associated with kidney failure.

Phosphorus-lowering medications [calcium carbonate (Caltrate), calcitriol (Rocaltrol), sevelamer (Renagel)]

Red blood cell production stimulation [erythropoietin, darbepoetin (Aranesp)]

Red blood cell production (iron supplements)

Blood pressure medications

Vitamins

Once the kidneys fail completely, the treatment options are limited to dialysis or kidney replacement by transplantation.

Dialysis

Dialysis cleanses the body of waste products in the body by use of filter system. There are two types of dialysis.

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis uses a machine filter called a dialyzer or artificial kidney to remove excess water and salt, to balance the other electrolytes in the body, and to remove waste products of metabolism. Blood flows through tubing into the machine, where it passes next to a filter membrane. A specialized chemical solution (dialysate) flows on the other side of the membrane. The dialysate is formulated to draw impurities from the blood through the filter membrane. Blood and dialysate never touch in the artificial kidney machine.

For this type of dialysis, access to the blood vessels needs to be surgically created so that large amounts of blood can flow into the machine and back to the body. Surgeons can build a fistula, a connection between a large artery and vein in the body, usually in the arm, that causes a large amount of blood flow into the vein. This makes the vein larger and its walls thicker so that it can tolerate repeated needle sticks to attach tubing from the body to the machine. Since it takes many weeks for a fistula to mature enough to be used, significant planning is required if hemodialysis is to be considered as an option.

If the kidney failure happens acutely and there is no time to build a fistula, special catheters may be inserted into the larger blood vessels of the arm, leg, or chest. These catheters may be left in place for up to three weeks. In some diseases, the need for dialysis will be temporary, but if the expectation is that dialysis will continue for a prolonged period of time, these catheters act as a bridge until a fistula can be planned, placed, and matured.

Dialysis treatments normally occur three times a week and last a few hours at a time. Most commonly, patients travel to an outpatient center to have dialysis, but home dialysis therapy is becoming an option for some.

Peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdominal cavity as the dialysis filter to rid the body of waste and to balance electrolyte levels. A catheter is placed in the abdominal cavity through the abdominal wall by a surgeon and is expected to remain there for the long-term. The dialysis solution is then dripped in through the catheter and left in the abdominal cavity for a few hours and then is drained out. In that time, waste products leech from the blood normally flowing through the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum).

There are benefits and complications for each type of dialysis. Not every patient can choose which type he or she would prefer. The treatment decision depends on the patient's illness and their past medical history along with other issues. Usually, the nephrologist (kidney specialist) will have a long discussion with the patient and family to decide what will be the best option available.

Sucessful Ageing Plan For Singapore

Between now and 2030, Singapore will witness an unprecedented profound age shift. The number of residents aged 65 years or older will multiply threefold from current 300,000 to 900,000 in 2030. By then, one out of every five residents will be a senior.



WHAT IS A NURSING HOME?


Nursing homes offer 7 day-a-week, 24 hour-a-day services delivered under the supervision of a licensed nurse. Good nursing homes provide help with physical, dietary, therapeutic, social, and recreational needs. Most nursing home residents are elderly and would have difficulty living on their own. Many residents suffer from a chronic (ongoing) illness or a physical or mental disability.

Nursing homes may be a place where individuals stay for a brief period of time after hospitalization if they are not yet ready to return home. For others needing ongoing higher levels of care and assistance, a nursing home is a more permanent situation. Different nursing homes and community services provide different levels of care. Making a decision about your or your loved one’s needs is important in deciding if a nursing home is needed, and if so, which facility will provide the best care.


LONG TERM CARE OPTIONS


You should compare all possible housing and care options to nursing home care to determine if a nursing home is the right choice for you or your loved one. As mentioned, nursing homes are one of many services available to older adults. The following is a brief description of housing options and community resources for people who need assistance.


Personal Care Boarding Homes:

�� Provide room, meals, supervision and assistance with routine activities of daily living in a residential setting. Activities of daily living (ADLs) include assisting residents with personal care, such as assistance with medication and bathing, etc.
�� Residents of personal care homes do not require the kind of nursing care provided in a hospital or nursing facility.
�� Costs vary by facility.

Continuing Care/Life Care Facilities:

�� Provide various levels of care from independent living to nursing care.
�� The resident needs to be able to care for him or herself when admitted to an independent living facility.

Assisted Living:

�� A relatively new housing alternative available to older adults.
�� Provides independent living accompanied by support with household maintenance and personal care.
Domiciliary Care (DOM Care)/Adult Foster Care:
�� Provide services similar to personal care boarding homes for people who have difficulty performing routine activities of daily living (bathing, meal preparation) and who need some form of constant supervision.
�� Rooms are located in the provider’s home and tends to be a home-like environment.
PACE (Program for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly) otherwise known as the LIFE (Living Independently for Elders): Delivering all needed medical and supportive services, the PACE and/or LIFE programs are able to provide care and services to seniors with ongoing care needs while maintaining their independence in their homes for as long as possible.

Care and services include:

�� Adult day care that offers nursing (care givers); physical therapy (muscle strengthening), occupational therapy (new ways of performing activities of daily living) and recreational therapy (social activities); meals; nutritional counseling; social work; and personal care.
�� Medical care provided by a PACE physician who knows the history, needs and preferences of each participant
�� Home health care and personal care in the home
�� All necessary prescription drugs
�� Medical specialists such as audiology (hearing), dentistry, optometry (vision), podiatry (foot care), and speech therapy
�� Respite care (a break for a full time caregiver)
�� Hospital and nursing home care when necessary

In-Home Care:

�� Services such as assistance with bathing, toileting, meal preparation, light housekeeping, and shopping.
�� May be paid for privately or may be paid for by a third party.
�� May be accessed through the local Area Agency on Aging (AAA), home care agencies, or other service agencies.
�� Most subsidized in-home services are offered on a limited basis (for a few hours a day, two or three times a week).
�� 24 hour subsidized home care is generally not offered by subsidized programs.
Medicare Certified Home Care Agencies:
�� Provide the services of a registered nurse or physical therapist in the client's home as directed by a physician.
�� Generally limited to a few visits a week and for a short period of time.
�� Home occupational therapy (to help perform activities of daily living), social work and home health aides can also be arranged as long as the medical need is there.

Adult Day Care:

�� Provides a planned, supervised therapeutic and/or recreational program for frail older adults so caregivers can work or take needed breaks.
�� May help arrange transportation to and from facilities providing programs.
�� Cost and services may be different for each program.

Hospice Care:

�� Provides support and services for people with fatal illnesses and their families.
�� Available either in the client's home, through a hospice center, or other facility.
�� These programs are designed to make the patient as comfortable as possible, both physically and emotionally, until death.

Home Delivered Meals:

�� Available for those who are having difficulty shopping and cooking meals.
�� A home health aide or homemaker may also provide shopping assistance.

Telephone Reassurance/Friendly Visitor Programs:

�� Provide regular contact for people who live alone to make certain the client is healthy and safe.
�� Volunteers telephone or visit on a regular basis and are trained to alert someone if there is a problem.

Durable Medical Equipment:

�� Equipment that may improve an individual's ability to get around and increase their level of independence.
�� Medicare will cover some equipment, such as wheelchairs, walkers, hospital beds and commodes (portable toilet).
�� Adaptable equipment for the bathroom such as seats or rails is not covered by Medicare, but is available through medical equipment companies and sometimes through community programs.

Informal Support:

�� Neighbors, local churches, congregants and/or family members who agree to help out when an older person close to them needs assistance.

Financial Aids:-


Medifund Silver will be rolled out to the rest of the Medifund-approved institutions in the Intermediate and Long-Term Care sector to benefit more elderly patients, said the Health Ministry in a statement.

The scheme was set up in Nov 2007 in restructured hospitals and institutions. A total of $6.1 million has been given to these institutions to help needy patients under the scheme.

Any Singaporean aged 65 years and above can apply for Medifund Silver. Like Medifund, it serves as a safety net of last resort to those who cannot afford basic healthcare despite heavy government subsidies, Medisave and Medishield.

In 2006, about a third of the 290,000 Medifund beneficiaries were over the age of 65. Demand for such financial aid by elderly Singaporeans is expected to grow as the number of Singaporeans over 65 years is estimated to grow to 336,400 by 2010.

Elderly needy patients who have problems paying their medical bills can approach the medical social workers of Medifund-approved restructured hospitals or national centres for assistance.

Local Medifund committees at the approved hospitals and institutions will decide on the appropriate level of help for the applicants.

Question:-

1) 50% elderly need nursing home. We had enough nursing home?

2) 50% elderly need day care and home care service. Who provide the services?

3) Ratio Doctor with elderly is 1:200. Who are the doctors for the Elderly Service?

4) Ratio Staff Nurse with elderly is 1:100. Who are the staff nurses for Elderly Service?

5) Ratio Enroll Nurse with elderly is 1:50. Who are the enroll nurse for Elderly Service?

6) We had enough local healthcare workers to perform Elderly Service?

7) We shall depend on Social Welfare Officers on our financial aids?

8) We shall independent elected our Community Center President to look after our financial aids and elderly care?

9) Our Listed Company shall allocate 1% net profit to help elderly care?

New Map

Review GE Map

West and East Express Way Link

Single Mother Shall Get Baby Bonus and Maternity Benefits

Marriage is an interpersonal relationship with governmental, social, or religious recognition, usually intimate and sexual, and often created as a contract, or through civil process. Civil marriage is the legal concept of marriage. The most frequently occurring form of marriage unites a man and a woman as husband and wife. Other forms of marriage also exist; for example, polygamy, in which a person takes more than one spouse (marriage partner), is common in many societies. Beginning in 2001, civil marriage in some places has been expanded to include same-sex marriage.The reasons people marry vary, but usually include one or more of the following: legal, social and economic stability; the formation of a family unit; procreation and the education and nurturing of children; legitimizing sexual relations; public declaration of love.In relationships, a single person is one who is not married, or, more broadly, who is not in an exclusive romantic relationship. Single people may engage in dating to find a partner or spouse. Not all single people actively seek out a relationship, however, as some are content to wait for the 'right' person to enter their lives, while others do not seek relations at all. Loneliness can occur for many single people who look for but cannot find anyone they might wish to date, especially for those suffering the loss of companionship following divorce or bereavement. Some single people, however, regard and appreciate solitude as an opportunity. There is a legal distinction between a single person and an unmarried person. Generally, an unmarried person may have been married and now be widowed or divorced.
Today woman had their own career and wealth, they are not depand on man. They had the right to be single by having baby and taking care their own. No Man can take away their wealth and baby.
So I declare baby bonus and meternity benefits shall give to Married Person, Single Person and Unmarried Person and Single Mothers are legal.

We need food and jobs

Asia countries growth vey fast and we are shortage of food supply security. Retire citizen and jobless citizen need a job to past their time. We need a Minitry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food to play the role.
It became the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food was responsible for agriculture, fisheries and food. The Ministry also will act as the Food Standards Agency was create, it was responsible for both food production and food safety, which was seen by some to give rise to a conflict of interest.
The Ministry will set out guaranteed prices for foods supply based on the averages, to be reviewed annually.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries will concerned with pest and disease control, agricultural research and education, improvement of livestock, and provision of allotments and smallholdings. Over the next few years, its workload grew.
The Ministry will introduce new measures to support domestic agriculture and farmers' income. Subsidies or price insurance schemes were created for our foods supply. The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marketing) promoted the standardization of grades and packaging and introduced the "National Mark", a trade mark denoting home-produced food of a defined quality for our foods supply.
The Minister of Agriculture was given powers to regulate the cultivation and management of land.
The Ministry of Food became the sole buyer and importer of food and regulated prices, guaranteeing farmer prices and markets for their produce.

Power Supply Shortage

Singapore do not had nature resources. If we are shortage of power supply, we shall find way to overcome it. We may use underground Nuclear Power Plant and Sea Hydroelectricity Plant.

1) Nuclear power is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. The most common method today is through nuclear fission, though other methods include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay. All current methods involve heating a working fluid such as water, which is then converted into mechanical work for the purpose of generating electricity or propulsion. Today, more than 15% of the world's electricity comes from nuclear power, over 150 nuclear-powered naval vessels have been built, and a few radioisotope rockets have been produced.

2) Hydroelectricity is a form of hydropower, and is the most widely used form of renewable energy. It produces no waste, and does not produce carbon dioxide (CO2) which contributes to greenhouse gases. Hydroelectricity now supplies about 715,000 MWe or 19% of world electricity (16% in 2003), accounting for over 63% of the total electricity from renewables in 2005.[1]
Although large hydroelectric installations generate most of the world's hydroelectricity, small hydro schemes are particularly popular in China, which has over 50% of world small hydro capacity.[1] Some jurisdictions do not consider large hydro projects to be a sustainable energy source due to human and environmental impacts, though this judgment depends on the definition of sustainability used.[2]

Unity is able

Unity is mean able to accept others

Politician: - Socialist Activist, Human Right Activist, Nationalist Activist, Religion Ruling, Monarchy Ruling, Republic Ruling and Military Ruling. Everybody had different to satisfy own needs. End up; they will declare war with each others. So, for problem solving is to find same interest and reduce the different for unity and living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in dynamic development.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sg_ppa/

The define of the flag's composition and the symbolism of its elements:1) red symbolises "universal brotherhood and equality of man"and2) white "pervading and everlasting purity and virtue".3) The U shape "represents the association's outward looking, living inpeace, stability, prosperity, bonded together in dynamic developmentand in one united nation".4) Finally, the five stars "stand for the association's ideals ofdemocracy,peace, progress, justice and equality.

Since independent from Malaysia in 1965, Singapore had adopted onedominant ruling party. The country has progress very fast and come toa stable point. But who will be next leader to let Singaporeanoutward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bondedtogether in dynamic development and in one united nation. So ouropposition parties needed to form a Political Parties Association.(PPA)Vision: Form an alliance government in parliamentMission: Form an alliance party to contest in general elections

OBJECTIVES: The PPA Declaration that the aims and purposes of theAssociation are: (1) To accelerate Political Growth, Social Awarenessand Political Power sharing in our General Elections and ParliamentHouse. (2) To promote political peace and stability through abidingrespect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship amongpolitical parties. 3) PPA agreed on a concert of Singaporean outwardlooking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded togetherin dynamic development and in one united nation of caring societies.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES: PPA Members have adopted the followingfundamental principles in their relations with one another: 1)mutual respect for the Aim, Vision, Mission, Objective, Principle,Election Manifesto, Integrity, Equality and Party Identity of allparties; 2) the right of every party executive council to lead itsparty existence free from external interference, subversion orcoercion; 3) non-interference in the internal affairs of oneanother; 4) settlement of differences or disputes by peacefulmanner; 5) renunciation of the threat or use of force; 6) effectivecooperation among themselves.

STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS: 1) The highest decision-making organ ofPPA is the Meeting of the Secretary General and President of theParty. The PPA General Meeting is convened every year. 2) The PPAOrganizing Meeting is the Meeting of the Organizing Secretary of theparty. The meeting is held annually. The meetings on the nationalcurrent issues are also held regularly: 3) The Group Treasurer, GroupOrganizing Secretary, Group Secretary-General and Group President ofPPA is elected among the Secretary General and President of theparty, every two years. 4) The Group Executive Council is form amongthe party Deputy Secretary General, Secretary General, DeputyPresident and President. 5) The Group General Election Council andContesting Candidates is Chair and appointed by Group SecretaryGeneral.